1 “”“” To what extent will bucket systems be eradicated? Bongani Radebe 13 September 2013

2 Definition of terms Background Census key findings Strategic challenges Consequences Recommendations Outline

3 Definitions

4 Sanitation refers to the principles and practices relating to the collection, removal or disposal of human excreta and waste water as they impact users, operators and environment (Asmal et al. 1996:3)

5 Basic sanitation service – an accessible, sustainable sanitation to a household, including the safe removal of human waste where this is appropriate and necessary(DWAF 2003)

6 Background

7 Bucket toilets are an emotive political and service delivery issue...

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9 Service delivery protests

10 Top Five list of grievances

11 What does Census 2011 say?

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13 How the question was asked The question (H-10)-TOILET FACILITIES focused on the main type of toilet facility used by this household. H-10 What is the Main type of TOILET facility used by this household 1=Flush toilet (connected to sewerage system) 2=Flush toilet (with septic tank) 3=Chemical toilet 4=Pit toilet with ventilation (VIP) 5=Pit toilet without ventilation 6=Bucket toilet 7=Other 0=None.

14 Definitions.... Flush toilet

15 Definitions.... Chemical toilet Pit toilet

16 Definitions.... Bucket toilet?

17 other? Definitions....

18 Census Key Findings In 2011, more than half of the households (60%) were using a flush toilet –KwaZulu-Natal just 45% of households were using a flush toilet (sewer & septic) The proportion of households using the bucket toilets decreased from 4,1% in 2001 to 2,1% in 2011 –KwaZulu-Natal 2%

19 But... 6% reported NO toilets and another 4% reported ‘other’ That's more than 1 in 10 households without decent sanitation

20 Census 2011 toilet access (KZN) No decent sanitation (bucket, none, other) 12% Flush 45% Outside sanitation (chemical, pit ) 43% (sewerage, septic) 2% bucket

21 ` Flush 45% (sewerage, septic) 68% 49% 48% 34%32% 26% 23% 21% 13%

22 Outside sanitation (chemical, VIP) 43% 70% 63% 61% 54% 52% 50% 46% 43% 24%

23 No decent sanitation (bucket, none, other) 12% 25% 18% 17% 13% 12% 10% 9% 8% 7% 6%

24 No decent sanitation (bucket, none, other) 296,432 7,040 10,266 16,126 17,546 19,402 19,629 23,313 32,510 36,997 39,057 74,548 thousand households

25 Bucket toilet 2% 3% 2%

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27 Ugu District

28 Ugu No decent sanitation (bucket, none, other) 13% Bucket = 1% (3 124 household)

29 Common request…. You went to the households…. Show us where!!

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31 eThekwini Bucket toilets reported Census 2011

32 uThungulu District

33 What do other data sets say? General Household Survey (2012) –5,7% households with no toilet facility or using a bucket Intestinal infectious diseases 2 nd leading cause of death in the province (after TB) –While there are demographic, behavioural and environmental determinants of intestinal parasitic infection – sanitation is key

34 (map disease by district)

35 What do other data sets say?

36 Challenges – what does it all mean?

37 Challenges Is the data correct? –Definitions and information provided by households –Census a snapshot to the night of 9 October 2011 (outcomes) –‘main type used’ other types available but are not operational bucket used at night –Other categories: new phenomenon

38 The bucket system is still a reality in some communities

39 Challenges (cont) Servicing of communal toilets and maintenance of flush toilets connected to sewers Water interruptions –Vandalism of infrastructure –Interruptions in supply Infrastructure funding –Budget constraints –Prioritisation Growth and demand for housing

40 We do not have a bucket toilet problem per se – we have a sanitation problem Census was not an investigation and it's findings should not be pitched as such

41 Consequences Achievement of MDG targets Causes of death –Leading causes of death relate to diahorrea –Especially significant in relation to infant mortality rates of 6%-2015 Budget implications

42 Recommendations Stop debating data and buckets, start fixing sanitation Data-evidence based decision making –Don’t assume the data is incorrect, investigate the reasons first –Encourage debate and understanding of methods and processes for improvement Integrated planning –NDP,PGDS,IDPs: war rooms get information from the source

43 Thank you Contributors: Anneline Creighton Ravi Naidoo Ntobeko Masondo