00.51 Concentration Mantra Meditation EMG-Biofeedback PMR Other Meditations Relaxation Response Other Relaxation Placebo TM Effectiveness in Reducing Trait Anxiety Meta-analysis of 146 studies Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Eppley KR, Abrams A, Shear J: Journal of Clinical Psychology [45] ,1989
Increased Physiological Relaxation Meta-analysis of 32 studies Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Dillbeck MC, Orme-Johnson DW: American Psychologist [42] , Basal GSR Respiration Rate Plasma Lactate TM Rest
Increased Self Actualization Meta-analysis of 42 studies Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Rainforth M, Gelderloos P:Journal of Social Behavior & Personality [6] , Other Meditation Other Relaxation TM
Improved Psychological Outcomes Meta-analysis of 51 studies Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Ferguson PC : Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1981 TM Zen Relaxation Response
Effectiveness in Decreasing Alcohol Use Meta-analysis of 97 studies Preventative Ed DUI Relaxation Peer Influence TM Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth MV, Alcohol Treatment Quarterly [11] 13-87, 1994
Effectiveness in Decreasing Drug Abuse Meta-analysis of 70 studies Preventive Ed Peer Influence TM Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth MV, Alcohol Treatment Quarterly [11] 13-87, 1994
Reduced Blood Pressure A Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcendental Meditation, Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Education Control in Older African Americans Schneider RH, Staggers F, Alexander CN, et al. Hypertension [26] , 1995 Months of Treatment Change in Diastolic BP (mm Hg) p <.02 p <.0001 EC PMR TM
Change in Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (mm ) Effects on Carotid Atherosclerosis in African Americans with Hypertension Castillo-Richmond AB, Schneider RH, et al. Effect of Stress Reduction on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive African Americans, Stroke [31] , HEALTH EDUCATION p < TM