SOCIAL WEB MEDIA Google Book Search: Copyright, Fair Use and Access to Information

SOURCES "Google and Its Enemies" - Jonathan V. Last, The Weekly Standard 12/10/2007, Vol. 013, No "About Google Books" Google Books is Not a Library - Pamela Samuelson lib_b_ html Thumbnail Photos and Fair Use - Dr. Fritz Dolak June 2005, Volume 3, Issue 2. ISSN X Copyright Office Assails Googles Settlement on Digital Books - Miguel Helft, New York Times, September 10,

1998 – Google formed 1996 – Google founders Page and Brin in graduate school – research project funded by Stanford Digital Library Technologies Project

July 2004 Google started scanning and digitizing University of Michigan's library. They eventually forged partnerships Stanford, Harvard, the Bodleian Library at Oxford, and the New York Public Library.

Original plan: scan 15 million books now aims to scan 20 million - 32 million The goal: create an indexed database which would be freely available for use by the public. Google Book Search ( books.google.com ) public launch in May (scanning and indexing continues)

What does this cost Google? "Microsoft is spending $2.5 million to scan 100,000 books; if that scale were to hold, Google might spend as much as $800 million." -Jonathan V Last "Google and Its Enemies"

Google Book Search features ads in the browser frame

Google's corporate philosophy is based on the model which brought them success: organizing and giving away other people's content, creating space for advertisements in the process. - Last

Compare Google Book Search model to Apple's iTunes...

Compare Google Book Search model to Apple's iTunes... (pay per download vs ad-supported browsing)

Google's corporate philosophy is based on the model which brought them success: organizing and giving away other people's content, creating space for advertisements in the process. - Last

Internet Archive Project Gutenberg

Other book digitization initiatives (commercial and otherwise): Project Gutenberg (1971) Amazon.com (for paid download) HarperCollins making text of 20,000 books available for search engines, w/out fee. (Last) Carnegie Mellon "Universal Library" Project/ "Million Book Project" China and India w/ the Library of Alexandria and some U.S. universities

Concerns about Google Boojk Search: pricing privacy cultural imperialism copyright

Pricing potential for high subscription fees for institutional use [...] Google [would eventually] have a de facto monopoly on out-of-print books. The DOJ has raised concerns that price-setting terms of the GBS deal are anti-competitive. Pamela Samuelson Google Books is Not a Library

Privacy traditionally libraries have protected the privacy of their patrons Google has been unwilling to make meaningful commitments to protect user privacy. - Pamela Samuelson Google Books is Not a Library

Privacy When you enter a library, you can search for books without anyone tracking your queries, you can read whatever is available for as long as you want without anyone monitoring your intellectual privacy, and you can check books out knowing that the records of what you've checked out will be protected from disclosure by state laws and by librarian ethics obligations. Pamela Samuelson Google Books is Not a Library

Privacy Google has commercial incentives to store and process data about what you read, how long you read it, and what you read next, and then serve you ads that it thinks are appropriate given the searches you have just done. Pamela Samuelson Google Books is Not a Library

Cultural Imperialism Concern that a large percentage of Google's program is dedicated to scanning books in English. Reinforces power of English-speaking nations and cultures.

Copyright

Fair Use?

In 1999 and again in 2002, the case of Kelly vs. Arriba Soft Corporation provided direction on the issue of "thumbnails" used on the Internet. Many consider the case to be a landmark case. It concluded that the use of thumbnails is a fair use of another persons graphic, intellectual property under very strict and limited conditions. This interpretation of fair use, in regards to thumbnail images, applies when thumbnails are used in an indexing system. - Dolak

The consensus is that 125x100 pixels for landscape-sized images and 100x125 pixels for portrait-sized images should be used. The book covers used at Amazon.com are a good example of the use of this size of thumbnails. Google, on the other hand, has stretched the size to 150x150 pixels and they havent been sued yet. - Dolak

Google Book Search 1) books in public domain (not subject to copyright) 2) books in copyright used by Google w/ permissions of publisher 3) a) books in copyright used w/out permissions of publisher b)books in copyright but rights holders are unknown (orphan works)

Google Book Search Full View Limited Preview Snippet View No Preview Available

settlement Google to pay 125 million set up book registry publishers can opt-out if they do not want the text of their books indexed standard fee 63%

In concert with Google, the registry would sell access to those books to individuals and libraries. The revenue would be split among Google, authors and publishers. In essence, the proposed settlement would give Google a license to infringe first and ask questions later, under the imprimatur of the court, Ms. Peters wrote in her prepared testimony. Copyright Office Assails Googles Settlement on Digital Books