IS2210: Systems Analysis and Systems Design and Change Twitter: Website:

The Website O I will try put notes on the website at least a day before class O This does not mean you cant attend!!! O I also have made the site very interactive

Tutorials O Location: ORahilly Building (ORB) B.05 O Start Date: Thursday 10/10/2013 (bi- weekly) O Time: 5-6pm

Attendance O Students must attend 80% of lectures and 80% of tutorials O Attendance sheet will be kept at both

Objectives O From todays lesson you should… O Understand what constitutes an information system O Know the major roles of Information Systems (IS) O Understand Analysis and Design

IS2200 Terminology O SAD: O IS: O SDLC: Systems Analysis and Design Information Systems Software Development Life-Cycle

O Systems Analyst: IS professionals who specialise in analysing and designing information systems

Towards an Information Systems Definition O We must first understand what information is O Then we need to understand what a system is O This will give us a better understanding of what an IS is

Data versus Information O Data: O Information: Raw Facts Data that has been processed, and useful to human beings

Example

The Information Revolution O Information has become an important commodity such as land, labour, and capital resources O Organisations use it to increase productivity, deliver products and services, and to make decisions

What is a System? O A collection of interrelated parts that work together to achieve one or more common purposes. INPUTOUTPUTPROCESS FEEDBACK

System Components O INPUT O Captures or collects raw data from both internal and external sources O PROCESS O Converts the raw data into a meaningful form O OUTPUT O Transfers the processed information to people who will use it

O FEEDBACK O Output returned to the appropriate members of the organisation to aid them in the evaluation or correction of the input stage O CONTROL O Monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward achievement of its goal, and make necessary adjustments

What is an Information System? O An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, retrieve, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organisation

Information Systems Components O Data O Hardware O Software O Telecommunications Networks O People

IS versus IT O Information Systems and Information Technology are parts of a broader computer science O Information Systems focuses on the system making use of technology, Information Technology focuses on technology and how it can help in disseminating information O Information Technology can be considered as a subset of Information Systems

Information Systems Are NOT Just Computers!!! O Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organisation, management, and information technology shaping the system

Who Uses an IS and why?

Major Roles of an IS Support of Business Processes and Operations Support Business Decision Making Support Competitive Advantage & Decision making Operational Level Tactical Level Strategic Level

O Support Business Operations O e.g. retail information system to record customer purchases, track inventory, pay employees O Support Managerial Decision Making O e.g. in store managers use system to decide what lines to add or discontinue O Support Strategic Advantage O e.g. head office uses system to look at sales trends across stores to identify ways to gain competitive advantage over other retailers

Who Develops Information Systems? O In-House Applications O Software Packages O Internet-Based Application Services (Web Services) O Outsourcing

Systems Analysis O Understanding and specifying in detail what an information system should do. O A detailed study of how the current system functions O An assessment of what users would like to see in a new systems.

O To carry out system analysis O Requirements determinations – interviews, JAD (Joint Application Design/Development), documentation O Requirements Structuring - DFDs

Systems Design O Design is another crucial phase in the development of a system. O Specifying in detail how the parts of an information system should be implemented O Develop both logical design and physical design Logical design – business aspects – what is to be done, processes to be performed Physical design – technical aspects – concerned with h/w and s/w requirements, database tables, index structures etc…

Why Systems Analysis and Design Necessary? O More than 50% of IS projects fail!!! O Other Interesting Information: O 30% cancelled before completion O Systems are often not used when completed O Systems fail to provide the expected benefits O 51% of projects exceed budgets by 189%, and only deliver 74% functionality

Why Such Failures? O Many fail because systems analysts try to build wonderful systems without understanding the organisation O Our primary goal should be to create value for the organisation

Sample IS Failures CompanyYearOutcome Hudson Bay (Canada) 2005Inventory system problems lead to $33.3 million loss. UK Inland Revenue2004/5$3.45 billion tax-credit overpayment caused by software errors. Avis Europe PLC (UK) 2004Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system cancelled after $54.5 million spent. Ford Motor Co.2004Purchasing system abandoned after deployment costing approximately $400 M Hewlett-Packard Co.2004ERP system problems contribute to $160 million loss. AT&T Wireless2004Customer relations management system upgrade problems lead to $100M loss

Defining SAD O 1: A method used by companies to create and maintain systems that perform business functions O 2: Systems Analysis and Design as performed by the systems analysis seeks to systematically analyse data input or data flow, processing or transforming data, data storage, information output within the context of a particular organisation

Questions O What is the difference between data and information? O What are the five components of an information systems? O What is the difference between analysis and design?

Thanks O Any Questions?