Energy System responses to acute exercise

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Presentation transcript:

Energy System responses to acute exercise Energy systems: phosphocreatine; lactic acid; aerobic; energy continuum; energy requirements of different sport and exercise activities ATP PC Lactic Acid Aerobic

Energy Systems & Exercise: The Basics ATP Aerobic System Lactic Acid/Anaerobic Glycolysis ATP-PC (phosphagen) 0 sec 4 sec 10 sec 1.5 min 3 min + Strength – Power: power lift, shot put, golf swing Sustained Power: sprints, fast breaks, football Anaerobic Power – Endurance: 200-400 m dash, 100 m swim Aerobic Endurance: Beyond 800 m run Immediate/short-term Aerobic-oxidative non-oxidative systems system

Fuel, Energy systems & Exercise Anaerobic Energy System = Carbohydrates are the only fuel source With prolonged exercise, Carbohydrates are the first fuel choice, as exercise continues, FAT becomes predominant : As exercise intensity , energy supplied by Carbohydrates  As duration , energy supplied by fat  Protein is not a main fuel source except in an emergency : As glycogen , energy supplied by protein  Each system plays an important role in energy production: All energy systems are “on” at all times This gives us a variety of movements The systems interact to supply Energy for the activity

Fuel, Energy systems & Exercise 40 60 80 100 % energy from CHO increasing intensity of exercise % energy from FAT 40 30 20 10 As exercise gets harder, the % energy from oxidation of Carbohydrates goes UP sharply while the % energy from fat goes DOWN

Energy Systems on a Continuum! ‘All energy systems are “on” at all times’ All three energy systems contribute at the start of exercise but the contribution depends upon the individual, the effort applied or on the rate at which energy is used. The following graph shows how the energy systems contribute to the manufacture of ATP over time when exercising at 100% effort. The thresholds (T) indicate the point at which the energy system is exhausted - training will improve the thresholds times.

Energy Systems working together: 100m SPRINT Energy Systems on a Continuum! ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) PHOSPHO- CREATINE (PCr) GLYCOLYSIS (ANAEROBIC; CHO BREAKDOWN) KREBS CYCLE (AEROBIC; CHO, FAT, AND PROTEIN BREAKDOWN) Energy Systems working together: 100m SPRINT (10 seconds of maximal exercise)

Energy Systems on a Continuum! Energy Systems working together: ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) PHOSPHO- CREATINE (PCr) GLYCOLYSIS (ANAEROBIC; CHO BREAKDOWN) KREBS CYCLE (AEROBIC; CHO, FAT, AND PROTEIN BREAKDOWN) Energy Systems working together: 800 METER RUN (50 seconds)

Energy Systems working together: MARATHON 2.5 hours of exercise Energy Systems on a Continuum! ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP) PHOSPHO- CREATINE (PCr) GLYCOLYSIS (ANAEROBIC; CHO BREAKDOWN) KREBS CYCLE (AEROBIC; CHO, FAT, AND PROTEIN BREAKDOWN) Energy Systems working together: MARATHON 2.5 hours of exercise

Sport, Exercise and Energy Systems Anaerobic 70-80% Anaerobic 20-30% Aerobic Wt. Training Stop & Go Sports Jogging Gymnastics Tennis Marathons Football Soccer Cycling Baseball Field Hockey Aerobic Dance

Energy System recruitment in Sport ATP-CP and LA % LA-Aerobic % Aerobic Basketball 60 20 Fencing 90 10   Field events Golf swing 95 5 Gymnastics 80 15 Hockey 50 30 Distance running 70 Rowing Skiing 33 Soccer Sprints Swimming 1.5km Tennis Volleyball Table adapted from Fox E. L. et al, The Physiological Basis for Exercise and Sport, 1993

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