HGCA Ian Beecher-Jones Be Precise Facilitator Precision Agriculture – An overview

The uses of Precision Agriculture To help improve the profitability of the business To help improve timeliness and accuracy of operation To help improve the environmental impact of crop production

What does PF look like?

Joining it together

Investing in precision farming

How wide is this drill? The exact width

Investing in precision farming How much is it costing by not filling a full header?

Inaccuracy – how much is it costing?

Overlapping 6m drill on a 24m tramline Manual No guidance Effective drill width m 5.75 Effective tramlines m 23 Overlap % 4 25cm

10cm 25cm Overlapping 6m drill on a 24m tramline Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm Effective drill width m Effective tramlines m Overlap % 41.6

10cm Overlapping 6m drill on a 24m tramline Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm RTK +/- 2cm Effective drill width m Effective tramlines m Overlap % cm 25cm

In a field

Manual steering per drill width – 300m/5.75m 13 tramlines 52 runs with the drill

Medium guidance – SF2 / Hp +/- 10cm per drill width – 300m/5.9m 12.7 tramlines 51 runs with the drill

RTK guidance – +/- 2cm per drill width – 300m/5.98m 12.5 tramlines 50 runs with the drill

Does it add up? Manual No guidance % overlap 4 Effective drill width (drill runs) 5.75 (52) Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field 13.1 Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm % overlap 41.6 Effective drill width (drill runs) 5.75 (52) 5.9 (51) Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm High RTK 4cm +/- 2cm % overlap Effective drill width (drill runs) 5.75 (52) 5.9 (51) 5.98 (50) Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12£91.35 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

Manual No guidance % overlap4 Effective drill width5.75 Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field 13.1 Seed Fertilizer costs NPK £252/ha nutrition cost £3,301.2 Total cost£ Variable cost savings for field Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27 Does it add up?

Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm % overlap41.6 Effective drill width Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field Seed Fertilizer costs NPK £252/ha nutrition cost £3,301.2£3, Total cost£4008.6£3, Variable cost savings for field £64.26 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27 Does it add up?

Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm High RTK 4cm +/- 2cm % overlap Effective drill width Effective area drilled based on a 12.6ha field Seed Fertilizer costs NPK £252/ha nutrition cost £3,301.2£3,248.28£ Total cost£4008.6£3,944.34£ Variable cost savings for field £64.26£153 Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27 Does it add up?

Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12 Variable cost savings £64.26 Total for the 12.6ha field £ Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm High RTK 4cm +/- 2cm Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12£91.35 Variable cost savings £64.26£153 Total for the 12.6ha field £138.38£ Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12 Variable cost savings £64.26 Total for the 12.6ha field £ Across a 500ha farm £ Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

Does it add up? Manual No guidance Medium SF2/HP 10cm +/- 5cm High RTK 4cm +/- 2cm Fuel (50ppl), Labour (£15/hr ) & machine value / field NA£74.12£91.35 Variable cost savings £64.26£153 Total for the 12.6ha field £138.38£ Across a 500ha farm £ £ Figures from HGCA Research Review 71 – page 27

| Background to GPS/DGPS GPS GLONASS Galileo GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) USA 24 Satellite Constellation Russia 24 Satellite Constellation 2 Test Planned 22 Satellite Constellation 35 Satellite Constellation China

The way satellites work

Correction signals

Spray controller

Fertiliser spreader control

The operator is the key

Targeting Agronomy Define and Quantify RemoveReduceManage Mapping and Sensing Remedial / Compensatory Treatments Variable Rate Inputs

Google – a good place to start

Yield mapping Too much detail

Yield mapping Too little detail

Yield mapping About right 1 2 3

Soil texture map Increasing conductivity Electrical Conductivity Profile: cm < 12 > 51

Soil texture map 1) = sandy loam over open clay subsoil 5) = med sandy clay loam over sandy clay 8) = heavy clay loam over clay 1 8 5

Establishment map

Seed rate map Tramline direction

Traditional methods

Managing canopy variation Image of poor establishment & good establishment Same Field on the same day

Satellite sensing Satellite imageGAI mapApplication map

Tractor mounted sensing

Canopy management HGCA: Auto N project

Managing nutrients

Replacing off takes Replacement map

Creating application map Yield / Offtake map + P Nutrient = ? Application map

Soil zoning

Cost:benefit

When to collect information Weed mapping Nutrient mapping Canopy mapping Yield mapping Nutrient mapping EC mapping Weed mapping EC mapping

Do you measure up?

Cost:Benefit tool

HGCA Thank you