You must complete ALL of TASK TWO in the homework booklet – your teacher will give you a completion date. You will also be set regular EXAM PRACTICE tasks set from the revision workbook (every TWO WEEKS)

Topic 2 Peace and Conflict

KEY WORDS… This is a list of key words for this unit. It is at the front of your WORKBOOK. This has been done to save you a LOT of writing. You must refer to this during lessons and learn ALL of these words for your exam. You will be tested on these throughout the year.

Objective To use song lyrics, pictures, media clips and a case study to understand the causes of and why they occur.

You will be able to explain the factors behind the war in Darfur Outcomes… Grade C You will be able to list some reasons why wars occur and outline the war in Darfur Grade B You will be able to explain the factors behind the war in Darfur Grade A-A* You will be able to express an opinion on war and the suffering it causes. Your GOALS for the end of this lesson are…

STARTER… Watch the following clip... What point is this song trying to make? Do you agree or disagree with this? Explain your reasons why

What is WAR?… Write a quick definition in the back of your books... an armed conflict between two or more nations. Civil War a war between parties/ inhabitants of the same country.

Why do wars occur?… Set up your book in the following way... Use the picture clues to complete the mind map. Include detailed explanations with each idea. The causes of war...

Defending yourself or your country from attack. Self-defense

Economic or natural resources To gain land or resources from another country. This can be anything from oil to water. This can often be out of greed and a struggle for money and power.

FEAR Fear of being invaded. Fear of the unknown. Fear of a dictator. Fear of change.

They are prepared to fight and even die for serving their country. National Pride People are proud of where they come from and want to protect their country and its culture and heritage. They are prepared to fight and even die for serving their country.

Fighting against aggression and injustice To fight against a dictator. To stop mass murder. To defend an ally. To defend personal beliefs. To defend lifestyle and freedom.

Long standing racial/ethnic hatred Attacking a country or starting a war based on race or ethnic background. This can include acts of ethnic cleansing like during the Holocaust in WW2.

Protecting people against persecution and exploitation To remove a dictator/leader. To stop mass murder. To defend peoples lifestyles and beliefs.

Political differences Differences in political ideas may make an agreement impossible and result in conflict.

History Countries that have a history of conflict with each other are more likely to come into armed conflict again over a different (or similar) issue.

You will be able to list some reasons why wars occur. Outcomes… Grade C You will be able to list some reasons why wars occur. Did you achieve YOUR goals?…

Do you think WARS are EVER necessary? It is important to remember that every war is unique. The reasons for war a never simple and are caused by a combination of factors. Do you think WARS are EVER necessary? Complete Q2 page 77 of your REVISION WORKBOOK. REFLECTION... Swap with a partner and mark each others work in GREEN PEN The type of question (a,b,c,d) and the marks for each question (2,4,8,6) are in brackets at the side. Please comment – giving a POSITIVE and a TARGET

Outcomes… Grade A-A* You will be able to express an opinion on war and the suffering it causes. Did you achieve YOUR goals?…

The war in Darfur is a CIVIL WAR in the west of Sudan. and ongoing Using the card in front of you OUTLINE the war in Darfur by placing the cards into chronological order. The war in Darfur is a CIVIL WAR in the west of Sudan.

Drought causes African tribes to move in search of water and grazing land.

African Tribes move onto land already owned by people in Darfur, who used it for their own food and also money crops.

The people of Darfur ask the Government for protection from these tribes and protection for their land.

The Government fail to help.

This causes the people of Darfur to rebel against the Government and their unfair treatment.

In Sudan there is a big divide... The north Arab Light skinned Muslim The south Non-Arab Black Christian

The people or Darfur believed that the Government did not help them because they favour Arabs over non-Arabs and so they set up rebel groups (The Sudan Liberation Army and The Justice and Equality movement) to protest against the unfair treatment.

These rebel protest groups attacked the Sudan Government troops.

The Governments response is BRUTAL – innocent civilians who had nothing to do with the rebels were punished.

The Government add to their already large army (which is all Arab). This army is named the JANJAWEED.

They wipe out entire villages. The JANJAWEED are meant to fight the rebel forces but instead punish the innocent. They wipe out entire villages. They destroy food and water supplies to villages. They murder, rape and tortured hundreds of thousands of innocent civilians. The believe that they are ethnically cleansing Sudan. These attacks occur with the direct support of the Government of Sudan’s armed forces.

(forced to leave their homes) 400,000 CONFIRMED dead 2.5 million displaced (forced to leave their homes) Thousands of woman RAPED Thousands of men, women and children tortured http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p9eFOydjRw&feature=related

Outcomes… Grade C You will be able to list some reasons why wars occur and outline the war in Darfur Did you achieve YOUR goals?…

Case study: Darfur 2003 - 2007 and ongoing What were the causes? Turn to Page 3 in your workbook… Use the picture clues to work out the FOUR main factors that led to the war in Darfur. Look at your outline cards carefully and look back at your mind map… What factors caused the war in Darfur?

Cause 1 – pic clue ECONOMIC

Long standing ethnic hatred The north Arab Light skinned Muslim The south Non-Arab Black Christian

Cause 3 National Pride

Remote location

Case study: Darfur 2003 - 2007 and ongoing What were the causes? Now for each cause EXPLAIN how it contributed to starting/sustaining the war in DARFUR.

How is this be a contributing factor to the war in Darfur? ECONOMIC Years of drought and increasing desertification have meant that food and water resources have become scarce. People forced to move south on to other peoples farmland who are also struggling to survive. Farmers who own land are growing cash crops, reducing the land available to grow food How is this be a contributing factor to the war in Darfur?

How is this be a contributing factor to the war in Darfur? Long standing ethnic hatred Both sides have long-standing disputes and traditional hatred for each other. They are divided ethnically and religiously The government has been accused of favouring Arabs over non- Arabs (persecuting non-Arabs) How is this be a contributing factor to the war in Darfur?

How is this be a contributing factor to the war in Darfur? National Pride The conflict in Darfur is part of a wider conflict in Sudan Some parts of anti- government forces (e.g. Sudan liberation movement) want the south of Sudan to become an independent country and rule themselves. The government are opposed to this and want Sudan to remain as one country. How is this be a contributing factor to the war in Darfur?

Cause 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0w7WBIgT VFI

How is this be a contributing factor to the war in Darfur? Remote location Darfur is incredibly remote with poor transport links and communications When the problems started it took a long time for people in other countries to know what was happening and to try and do something about it. How is this be a contributing factor to the war in Darfur?

You will be able to explain the reasons for the war in Darfur Outcomes… Grade B You will be able to explain the reasons for the war in Darfur Did you achieve YOUR goals?…

Case study: Darfur 2003 - 2007 and ongoing What might be hardest factor to overcome and why ?

WAR – What do you think? Can war ever justify suffering like this? How would you explain the war in Darfur to these people? How do you think they would respond to you?

Outcomes… Grade A-A* You will be able to express an opinion on war and the suffering it causes. Did you achieve YOUR goals?…

Plenary… What have you learnt today? Draw a pyramid in the back of your books and spit it into 3... Think of a question your would like answering. What have you been reminded of today? What have you learnt today?