If there is time left. Different categories for different word-classes NOUNS – number, possession NOUNS – number, possession VERBS – tense, person, participles.

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Presentation transcript:

If there is time left

Different categories for different word-classes NOUNS – number, possession NOUNS – number, possession VERBS – tense, person, participles VERBS – tense, person, participles ADJECTIVES – comparison ADJECTIVES – comparison PRONOUNS – number, (remnants of) case, gender, possession PRONOUNS – number, (remnants of) case, gender, possession ADVERBS – comparison ADVERBS – comparison ARTICLES, PREPOSITIONS, etc. are not subject to such morpho-syntactic changes ARTICLES, PREPOSITIONS, etc. are not subject to such morpho-syntactic changes

Nouns 1. Most nouns in English form their plural by adding –s. The –s is pronounced differently depending on the final sound of the noun in the singular. boys /z/ bags /z/ parks /s/ If the last sound of the noun in the singular is /s, ʃ, ʧ, ks, ʒ, ʤ /, -s is pronounced / ɪ z/ and –es is added in writing.. wishes / ɪ z/

2. Nouns ending in a consonant + y, form their plural as follows: y i + es baby + s = y i + es = babies lady + s = y i + es = ladies BUT keys, surveys, etc. 3. Twelve nouns ending in –f (-fe): calf, half, knife, leaf, life, loaf, self, sheaf, shelf, thief, wife, wolf, form their plural as follows: f(e) v + es /vz/ calf + s = f(e) v + es = calves /vz/ knife + s = f(e) v + es = knives /vz/

4. Nouns ending in –o, form their plural by adding –es. tomatoes potatoes BUT nouns that are of foreign origin or belong to musical terminology, just add –s in the plural. photos kimonos pianos sopranos 5. Some nouns have no plural form and they can take either a singular or a plural verb: fish (and all names of different kinds of fish) sheep deer (and all animals that are hunted do not have plural forms when used by hunters)

Irregular plurals: manmen womanwomen oxoxen childchildren brotherbrethren footfeet toothteeth goosegeese mousemice louselice

PRONOUNS Subject Possessive I Possessive II ObjectReflexive Imyminememyself youyouryoursyouYourself hehishishimhimself sheherhersherherself ititsitsititself weouroursusourselves youyouryoursyouyourselves theytheirtheirsthemthemselves

Verbs infinitive 3 rd person sg past simple past participle present participle regul ar walkbeglovewantstudywalksbegsloveswantsstudieswalkedbeggedlovedwantedstudiedwalkedbeggedlovedwantedstudiedwalkingbegginglovingwantingstudying irreg ular buysingcutbuyssingscutsboughtsangcutboughtsungcutbuyingsingingcutting

Adjectives positivecomparativesuperlative tallbigeasytallerbiggereasier the tallest the biggest the easiest beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful goodbadlittle much/ many farlastbetterworselessmore farther/ further later the best the worst the least the most the farthest/ furthest the latest/ last

Adverbs positivecomparativesuperlative slowlyslowlierslowliest frequently more frequently most frequently wellbadlybetterbadlierbestbadliest