What is Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the exploitation of the ability to control matter at dimensions between 0.1 and 100 nm, resulting in unique functionalities Scale of Things 0.1 nm 0.01 mm 10 nm 0.1 mm 100 nm 10 mm 100 mm 1 cm 10-2 m 10-3 m 10-4 m 10-5 m 10-6 m 10-7 m 10-8 m 10-9 m 10-10 m 1 nanometer (nm) 1,000 nanometers = 1,000,000 nanometers = 1 millimeter (mm) 1 micrometer (mm) DNA ~2-1/2 nm diameter Ant ~ 5 mm Red blood cells (~7-8 mm) Human hair ~ 60-120 mm wide ATP synthase ~10 nm diameter Dust mite 200 mm Atoms of silicon spacing 0.078 nm Fly ash ~ 10-20 mm

Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Materials Properties of Organic & Inorganic Material Two Influencing Factors 1.The interface between the organic & inorganic phase 2.Domain sizes of these two phases

Sol-Gel Technology The main idea of the sol-gel process is the spontaneous formation of a dual phase material (gel), prepared from the solution (sol), containing inorganic precursors (前驅物) and stabilizing agents with hydrolysis(水解) & condensation(縮合) reaction. Further transformation of the gel phase is driven by the evaporation of the solvent, and the subsequent formation of the xerogel phase.(熟化aging). Drying of the xerogel completely removes solvent molecules, leading to further aggregation of inorganic clusters and the formation of solid materials. Hydrolysis Reaction Condensation Reaction

Sol-Gel Technology (cont’d) Control Parameters Precursors Concentration of Metal Salts Temperature Catalysts pH Advantages Low temperature route (below 200oC) Uniform particle size distribution Provides good homogeneity Concentration of metals in the coatings can be controlled with ease Chemical purity of nanocomposites Drawbacks high cost for the majority of alkoxide precursors long processing times Hydrolysis & Condensation

Applications Anti-Abrasion Hydrophobic Anti-Glare Anti-Rusting

Nano Hybrid Material PEACCO NON-CHROMATE PLASTICAL/ METAL SURFACE TREATMENT SOLUTIONS Nanocomposites The hybrid from inorganic nano-dispersion metal and organic epoxy . Sol-Gel Method uses an aqueous solution to apply on the metal to form a organic-inorganic hybrid thin film. Traditional Coating Method This coating can be applied on the metal by many techniques like dip, spin, spray, or roller coatings. Strong chemical bonding This organic-inorganic hybrid coating can chemically bond to the metal and can also chemically bond to organic adhesives/paints. Apply on Various Metals and Plastics By modifying the composition of the coating solution, this technology can apply on different kinds of metals and plastics. Strong chemical bonding