Ch. 10 The Early Republic

Lesson 1: People on the Move Vocabulary Pioneer Frontier Flatboat Canal Lesson 1: People on the Move

Exploring the Frontier The first colonists settled between the Atlantic Ocean and Appalachian Mountains (which was difficult to cross). Where is this location on the map? Under the Proclamation of 1763, it was against the law for colonists to settle American Indian lands west of the Appalachians. Exploring the Frontier

Exploring the Frontier Yet, people kept trying to cross these mountains. Daniel Boone, a hunter and pioneer, was one of the first to follow an American Indian trail through a narrow passage in the Appalachians in Virginia. The narrow passage was called the Cumberland Gap. Exploring the Frontier

Exploring the Frontier Boone and the other pioneers found a land where American Indians farmed and hunted. Boone wanted to live on this land. Boone helped to clear a new road through the Cumberland Gap. The road was called Wilderness Road. Exploring the Frontier

Exploring the Frontier Boone brought families, including his own wife and children, across the Appalachians. Settlers started towns in present-day Kentucky. Exploring the Frontier

By the late 1700’s, thousands of people had crossed the Appalachians to look for inexpensive farmland and new opportunities in the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys. As settlers explored the western frontier, they fought with American Indians such as Shawnee, Choctaw and Cherokee. Life on the Frontier

Families traveled west in covered wagons that were packed with food and supplies. There was little room to ride in. Early roads were rocky dirt paths and there were no bridges across rivers. Wagons often broke from rolling over rough roads. Life on the Frontier

Floating on rivers was faster and more comfortable than traveling on bumpy roads. Families, furniture, animals and equipment floated on the Ohio River in flatboats. Settlers also traveled on canals, such as the Erie Canal, that connected bodies of water. Life on the Frontier

When they arrived on the frontier, settlers cut down trees to build houses. Houses were small, only containing a table, bed, spinning wheel and a few dishes. Settlers grew corn, grain and raised farm animals. Life on the Frontier

Most settlers only grew enough to feed themselves with none leftover to sell or trade. Frontier life was difficult. Women were far away from family and friends. Men and women did the same kind of work as the American Indians. Life on the Frontier

While men were hunting, women took care of their children and farms. Even though life was difficult, many settlers lived better than they had in Europe. Life on the Frontier

American Indians did not believe that land could be bought or sold American Indians did not believe that land could be bought or sold. They agreed to sign treaties to let settlers hunt on their land, but not own it or live on it. The Iroquois signed a treaty in 1768, but settlers quickly moved onto their land. Settlers murdered a Mingo Indian Chief’s family. Afterward, he led many attacks against the settlers. Life on the Frontier

Lesson 2: The Nation Grows Vocabulary Manufacturer Corps Interpreter Source Lesson 2: The Nation Grows

In 1800, Thomas Jefferson was elected the nation’s third President. He was of a different political party than John Adams, who had been president before him. Jefferson was a member of the Democratic-Republican party. President Jefferson

The change was peaceful and showed that the plan in the Constitution for electing leaders worked. Jefferson and the Democratic-Republican party believed that states should have more power than the national government. Federalists disagreed. President Jefferson

Jefferson wanted to help farmers, but the Federalists wanted a strong national government and laws that would help merchants and manufacturers. President Jefferson

The year Jefferson was elected, France took control over a land called Louisiana. The biggest port in Louisiana was in New Orleans. American farmers worried that the French would stop them from using this port. Louisiana Purchase

Representatives of President Jefferson made an agreement with French ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte, that farmers could trade through New Orleans. The French offered to sell all of Louisiana because they needed money for a war against Great Britain. Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson was eager to add this huge area of land to the United States, so he bought it. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the country. Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson sent an expedition to explore the new territory and beyond. Lewis and Clark

He chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark He chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. Jefferson asked Lewis and Clark to do three things: Gather information about landforms, plants, and climates of the west. Study the cultures of the western Indians. Explore the Missouri and Columbia Rivers. Lewis and Clark

In May 1804, Lewis and Clark set out from St In May 1804, Lewis and Clark set out from St. Louis with more than 30 people to explore the dangerous, unknown area. The 30 people were called the Corps of Discovery. The group included Americans and French-Canadians. Lewis and Clark

An enslaved African American named York and a Shoshone woman named Sacagawea also made the journey. Sacagawea collected plants for food and medicine. She was an interpreter and could talk to other American Indians to show the group was peaceful. Lewis and Clark

The Corps of Discovery traveled up the Missouri River, over the Rocky Mountains and down the Columbia river to the Pacific Ocean. After traveling 8,000 miles, the expedition returned to St. Louis in 1806. Lewis and Clark

Lewis and Clark completed the tasks Jefferson had given them. They kept detailed journals about the land they saw and the people they met. Even though there was not a direct route to the Pacific Ocean, they proved it was possible to cross the continent through the passes in the Rocky Mountains. Lewis and Clark