SCI-Pak Sustainable and Cleaner production in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 1 SCI-Pak Sustainable and Cleaner production in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION What is the environment? Dr Mehreen Faruqi

SCI-Pak Sustainable and Cleaner production in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2 The conditions under which any person or thing lives or is developed; the sum-total of influences which modify and determine the development of life or character. The Oxford Dictionary (Oxford English Dictionary Online, )

SCI-Pak Sustainable and Cleaner production in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 3 Definitions in legislation … components of the earth, including: (a) land, air and water; and (b) any layer of the atmosphere; and (c) any organic or inorganic matter and any living organism; and (d) human-made or modified structures and areas, and includes interacting natural ecosystems that include components referred to in paragraphs (a)–(c) (Protection of the Environment Administration Act 1991, NSW)

SCI-Pak Sustainable and Cleaner production in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 4 Definitions in legislation Environment includes: (a) ecosystems and their constituent parts, including people and communities; and (b) all natural and physical resources; and (c) the qualities and characteristics of localities, places and areas, however large or small, that contribute to their biological diversity and integrity, intrinsic or attributed scientific value or interest, amenity, harmony and sense of community; and (d) the social, economic, aesthetic and cultural conditions that affect, or are affected by, things mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (c). (Environmental Protection Act 1994, Queensland)

SCI-Pak Sustainable and Cleaner production in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 5 World views and value positions Environmental information Paradigm + Other factors II World view personality Professional obligations Cultural/Religious factors Vested interests Broader influences Media, GFC, Wars Socio-economic conditions What are some of the factors that influence your decision-making?

SCI-Pak Sustainable and Cleaner production in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 6 Exploring the Spectrum of Environmental ideologies Deep EcologyCommunalistAccommodatingCornucopian Extreme preservationist Resource preservationist Resource conservationist, managerial Resource exploitative Recognise intrinsic importance of nature Primary value of ecosystems and secondary value of their services Intergenerational and intergenerational equity, instrumental value in nature Rights and interests of individuals, instrumental value in nature EcocentricTechnocentric

SCI-Pak Sustainable and Cleaner production in the manufacturing industries of Pakistan FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION 7 Dry Green Shallow Green Deep Green Different value positions within the spectrum of modern environmentalism Response Strategies Preventive Adaptive