WHAT IS MATTER?

Matter What Is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter in the Universe Everything in the universe that you can see is made up of some type of matter.

Matter and Volume Liquid Volume Liters (L) and milliliters (mL) are the units used most often to express the volume of liquids. Volume of a Regularly Shaped Solid Object To find the volume of a regularly shaped solid object use the following equation: Volume = length  width  height Volume of an Irregularly Shaped Solid Object You can find the volume of an irregularly shaped object by measuring the volume of water that the object displaces.

Measuring Volume: meniscus

Matter and Mass The Difference Between Mass and Weight Weight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object. The more mass an object has, the greater the gravitational force on the object and the greater the object’s weight. Measuring Mass and Weight The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). Weight is a measure of gravitational force and is expressed in the SI unit of force, the Newton (N).

Physical Properties What Are Physical Properties? A physical property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity.

Physical Properties Identifying Matter You use physical properties to identify matter. Density Density is the amount of matter in a given space, or volume. The two balls below have different densities.

Physical Properties Liquid Layers The graduated cylinder below contains six liquids. Each liquid is a different density so the liquids form layers. Density of Solids Knowing the density of a substance can also tell you what kind of substance it is.

Physical Properties Solving for Density To find an objects density (D), first measure its mass (m) and volume (V). Then use the following equation: D = m/V

Physical Properties Using Density to Identify Substances Look at the table below to compare densities of several common substances.

Physical Changes Physical Changes Do Not Form New Substances

Physical Changes Matter and Physical Changes Physical changes do not change the identity of the matter involved.

Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties You can observe physical properties without changing the identity of the substance. Chemicals properties are more difficult to observe.

Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe matter based on its ability to change into new matter that has different properties. Examples: reactivity flammability

Chemical Changes and New Substances What Happens During a Chemical Change? During a chemical change a substance changes chemical properties. Signs of Chemical Changes Some common signs of chemical changes includes a change in color, odor, production of heat, fizzing, and so on. Matter and Chemical Changes Chemical changes change the identity of the matter involved.

Physical Versus Chemical Changes A Change in Composition Physical changes do not change the composition of a substance while chemical changes do. Reversing Changes Many physical changes are easily reversed, but most chemical changes cannot easily be reversed.

Measuring Matter: Math Practice 1. Imagine that you have discovered a new element, and you want to find its density. It has a mass of 78.8 g and a volume of 8 cm3. To find the density of the element, you must divide the element’s mass by its volume. What is the density of the element? A 0.102 g/cm3 B 0.98 g/cm3 C 9.85 g/cm3 D 630.4 g/cm3

2. Many soft drinks come in bottles that contain about 590 mL 2. Many soft drinks come in bottles that contain about 590 mL. If the density of a soft drink is 1.05 g/mL, what is the mass of the drink? A 0.0018 g B 498.2 g C 561.9 g D 619.5 g

3. If you have 150 g of pure gold and the density of gold is 19 3. If you have 150 g of pure gold and the density of gold is 19.32 g/cm3 , what is the volume of your gold nugget? A 2.898 cm3 B 7.76 cm3 C 0.98 cm3 D 0.13 cm3

4. Three objects have a mass of 16 g each. But their volumes differ 4. Three objects have a mass of 16 g each. But their volumes differ. Object A, a liquid, has a volume of 1.2 mL. Object B, a solid, has a volume of 3.2 cm3. Object C, another solid, has a volume of 1.9 cm3. Which object is the least dense? A object A B object B C object C D There is not enough information to determine the answer.