Getting Out of Vietnam. Richard Nixon wins 1968 presidential election “Silent Majority” “law and order” “peace with honor”

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Presentation transcript:

Getting Out of Vietnam

Richard Nixon wins 1968 presidential election “Silent Majority” “law and order” “peace with honor”

Republican Richard Nixon “Peace with Honor” “Vietnamization” Secret Cambodia bombings to force negotiations – Paris Peace Talks Realpolitik: We can’t win. We can’t quit Henry Kissinger

Paris Peace Talks

Talks drag on…. “Vietnamization” mostly fails. Invasion of Cambodia causes NVN to boycott talks. Invasions/bombing in Cambodia and Laos does not influence NVN to negotiate AND infuriates anti-war activists at home. Nixon continues to draw down troops; 175,000 in 1971

Protests at home… Vietnam Moratorium Day – 2 million protesters – 250,000 in Washington DC

1968 My Lai Massacre - William Calley 350 villagers killed Calley is court-marshalled – life in prison/paroled after 3.5 Publicized Nov. 1969

Kent State Shootings Response to invasion of Cambodia – ROTC building burned – National Guard called to stop violence 4 students killed 10 wounded Jackson State- 2 killed

Controversy – a deeply divided people “law and order” Anti-anti-war “peace and love” Anti-war

Pentagon Papers-1971 Top-secret Department of Defense files – “leaked” by Daniel Ellsberg to the NY Times Supreme Court frees NY Times to publish – Government could not prove a need for prior restraint

Congress responds to anti-war sentiment repealed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1971-law prohibiting soldiers from fighting outside the borders of South Vietnam 1973-War Powers Act – Strict limits on the president’s power to wage undeclared war (no Congressional approval)

Peace Accords Jan. of 73 South Vietnamese government can stay in power North army can stay in South Vietcong can join the political process ceasefire last US troops leave 3/73

Fall of Saigon 1975