Introduction to the Angiosperms

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to the Angiosperms Chapter 19

Angiosperms- Anthophyta Autotrophic, but parasitic and saprophytic representatives. Enclosure of ovules within carpels. Ovule- the structure in seed plants that contains the female gametophyte with egg cell; including nucellus and integuments. Presence of endosperm in seeds. Flower present with stamens (microsporophylls) & carpels (megasporophylls). Species- 300,000-450,000

Class Monocotyledonae- monocots Flower parts- 3s. Pollen- monoaperturate. Cotyledons- 1. Leaf venation- parallel. 1° vascular bundles in stem- complex. 2° growth without vascular cambium. Examples- grasses, lilies, irises, orchids, cattails, palms.

Class Eudicotyledonae- dicots Flower parts- 4s & 5s. Pollen- triaperturate. Cotyledons- 2. Leaf venation- netlike. 1° vascular bundles in stem- ring. 2° growth with vascular cambium. Examples- trees, shrubs, herbs.

Ovary Position Hypogynous- whorls attached below the ovary. Perigynous- stamens and petals adnate to the calyx, forming a tube (hypanthium) at the base of the ovary. Epigynous- whorls attached above the ovary.

Epigyny in Malus (apple) flower

Mature Anther with 4 Microsporangia

Mature Embryo Sac- 8 nuclei, 7 celled structure

Double Fertilization

Endosperm- tissue that contains stored food that is digested by the sporophyte before or after maturation of the seed.