Holt People, Places, and Change 4/6/2017 CHAPTER 28 Japan and the Koreas Section 1: Physical Geography Section 2: The History and Culture of Japan Section 3: Japan Today Section 4: The History and Culture of the Koreas Section 5: South and North Korea Today CHAPTER 28

Objectives: Section 1 Physical Geography What are the physical features of Japan and the Koreas? What natural resources does the region have? Which climate types are found in the region?

Physical features of Japan and the Koreas: Section 1 Physical Geography Physical features of Japan and the Koreas: The Koreas are located on a peninsula. Japan’s four home islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Mountains dominate the region. The Japanese Alps are the longest range. There are plains along the coasts and river valleys. Japan lies along the Ring of Fire.

The Region’s Natural Resources Section 1 Physical Geography The Region’s Natural Resources Korea’s mountainous terrain and rivers are good for producing hydroelectricity. North Korea has iron ore, copper, zinc, lead, and coal. The Oyashio Current and the Japan Current create Japan’s superior fisheries.

Climate types of Japan and the Koreas: Section 1 Physical Geography Climate types of Japan and the Koreas: Humid continental—Hokkaido, northern Honshu, and the northern Korean Peninsula Humid subtropical—southern Japan and the rest of the Korean Peninsula

Objectives: Section 2 The History and Culture of Japan What was Japan’s early history and culture like? How did the modernization of Japan take place?

Japan’s early history and culture: Section 2 The History and Culture of Japan Japan’s early history and culture: 300 B.C.—Rice farming is introduced; irrigation becomes important for political power. Shintoism is the first religion to develop. Buddhism and Confucianism follow from China. A.D. 700—Feudal political system develops; samurai warriors serve the lords; shoguns are named by the emperor.

(continued) Japan’s early history and culture: Section 2 The History and Culture of Japan (continued) Japan’s early history and culture: 1200s—Mongols invade and the feudal domains unite against them. 1500s—Portuguese traders arrive followed by Spanish missionaries. Europeans are banished and Japan remains isolated until the mid-1850s.

The modernization of Japan: Section 2 The History and Culture of Japan The modernization of Japan: 1853—Matthew Perry’s warships sail into Tokyo Bay. 1860s—Japan begins industrializing and modernizing. Japan expands; annexes Korea in 1910; takes over northeast China and Asian territories through the 1930s. Japan loses its power with its defeat in World War II. The United States occupies Japan until 1952, helping it rebuild and become a major industrial power. A democratic constitutional monarchy is established.

Objectives: Section 3 Japan Today Where do most Japanese live? What are the major Japanese cities like? What is life in Japan like? How has the Japanese economy developed?

Japan has very little arable land on which people can live. Section 3 Japan Today Japan has very little arable land on which people can live. Most people live on the small coastal plains. Japan has reclaimed land from the sea and the rivers with dikes. The airport near Osaka is built on an artificial island.

Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, and very densely populated. Section 3 Japan Today Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, and very densely populated. The Tokyo megalopolis has almost 30 million people. Tokyo is the capital and center of government. Land is scarce and real estate prices are among the highest in the world. Ginza is the largest shopping district in the world.

Section 3 Japan Today Major Japanese cities are busy, noisy, and very densely populated. (continued) Yokohama is Japan’s major seaport. Osaka, Kyoto, and Kobe form another major megalopolis.

Life in Japan Section 3 Japan Today Japan is ethnically homogenous. The culture is traditionally male dominated. Most people live in the suburbs and have long commutes to work. Land is very scarce and homes are small. Traditional arts include tea ceremonies, flower arranging, bonsai trees, and kite flying.

The Japanese economy: Section 3 Japan Today Japan has the world’s largest fishing industry. Most raw materials must be imported. Agriculture is centered on Honshu and farms practice intensive cultivation. Foreign investments have influenced Japan’s industry and economy. Protectionism has created Japan’s huge trade surplus.

Objectives: Section 4 The History and Culture of the Koreas What was Korea’s ancient history like? What were the major events of Korea’s early modern period? Why was Korea divided after World War II, and what were the effects of the division?

Korea’s ancient history: Section 4 The History and Culture of the Koreas Korea’s ancient history: 1500 B.C.—Nomadic hunters adopt rice farming from China. 108 B.C.—The Chinese invade and begin to influence culture. Korean shamanism is practiced with Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism. Korean tribes gradually recapture the peninsula.

Korea’s ancient history: (continued) Section 4 The History and Culture of the Koreas Korea’s ancient history: (continued) A.D. 600—Kingdom of Silla unites the peninsula and Korea’s Golden Age begins. Early 900s—The Koryo dynasty rules; artisans invent the first movable metal type. 1446—Hangul alphabet officially adopted.

Important events of Korea’s early modern period: Section 4 The History and Culture of the Koreas Important events of Korea’s early modern period: 1600s—Under Chinese rule, isolated Korea becomes known as the Hermit Kingdom. Chinese missionaries introduce Christianity; Christians were sometimes persecuted. Mid-1890s—Japan defeats China in the Sino-Japanese War. 1910—Japan annexes Korea and becomes a harsh ruler until after World War II.

Korea was divided after World War II. Section 4 The History and Culture of the Koreas Korea was divided after World War II. U.S. and Soviet troops oversaw the division but could not agree on a plan to unite North and South Korea. 1948—The Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea were officially created. 1950—North Korea invades South Korea and the Korean War is fought until 1953. The demilitarized zone is the most heavily guarded border in the world.

Objectives: Section 5 South and North Korea Today What are South Korea’s government and society like? What is South Korea’s economy like? What is North Korea like? How has North Korea’s government affected the country’s development?

South Korea’s government and society: Section 5 South and North Korea Today South Korea’s government and society: Seoul is the capital and the center of government, economy, and education. Industrial waste, air pollution, and overcrowding are problems. Ruled by dictators until the 1980s, South Korea now has a multiparty democratic government.

(continued) South Korea’s government and society: Section 5 South and North Korea Today (continued) South Korea’s government and society: The population is homogenous, and Christianity is the dominant religion. Sons are valued so they can carry on the family name and honor ancestors. Confucian values are followed, and shamans still offer advice.

South Korea’s economy: Section 5 South and North Korea Today South Korea’s economy: One of the strongest in Asia by the 1990s Families form entrepreneurial businesses and chaebol. Nuclear power and technology are encouraged by the government. Industries include shipbuilding, steel, automobiles, and textiles. Agriculture is limited and farms are small.

North Korea Section 5 South and North Korea Today The government is controlled by the Communist Party. The population is homogenous but not as densely populated as South Korea’s. The capital of P’yongyang has a population of about 2.6 million and has the country’s only university. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, North Korea has been largely isolated from the world. North Korea has been developing nuclear weapons since the 1990s.

North Korea’s government and development: Section 5 South and North Korea Today North Korea’s government and development: North Korea has a command economy. The government owns all land and housing and controls job access. The country cannot produce enough food and lost its main source of aid with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Famine in the 1990s killed thousands. Outdated technology and poor relations with the west contribute to lagging industry and economy.