U.S. Enters War -Peace without Victory -idealistic peace plan -Submarine warfare continues -Zimmerman Note intercepted -Wilson calls for War “War to make world safe for democracy” Allies are all now Democratic Countries -Russian Revolution takes them out of the war- Bolshevik Revolution

U.S. Enters War -Peace without Victory -idealistic peace plan -Submarine warfare continues -Zimmerman Note intercepted -Wilson calls for War “War to make world safe for democracy” -Russian Revolution takes them out of the war

Military Operations -Selective Service Act drafted over 3 million troops May 1917 *2million actually went to E, ¾ combat -recruits trained for 9 months -transportation problems gov’t control of industry use of convoy system

Military Operations -transportation problems :Germany sinking twice as many ships as the Allies had build gov’t control of industry: **Overtook ships & converted them to transatlantic war ships use of convoy system: Heavy guarded destroyers escorted merchant ships back & forth across the Atlantic in groups,

**In April 1917 the loss of Allied ships to German submarines had reached its largest monthly total. In order to slow down the destruction of ships, a new idea of moving ships in convoys, or large numbers, was used. Over the next several months the change was dramatic— the number of ships lost to German submarine attack was cut by more than 50 percent.

Military Operations -”Over There”- Europe -”Dough Boys” : Am. Infantrymen- White Belts, never ventured far from home, shocked by WAR -General John Pershing : commander of Dough Boys, Did NOT believe in fighting a DEFENSIVE BATTLE American Expeditionary Force -Argonne Forest Campaign: Helped the Allies break the German spirit & Western Front, direct causes of G Surrender, Nov. 11 th -Armistice -Alvin York-American Hero: opposed the war, decided killing was just, killed 25 Gs, captured 132 -Armistice Nov no battles fought in Germany

-Armistice Nov no battles fought in Germany

Fighting Over There -most U.S. soldiers were not experienced travelers, Dough Boys -huge cannons, Zeppelins, machine guns, poison gases, tanks, airplanes -poor medical care shell shock: Term Coined by WWI, to describe a complete emotional collapse after war, trench foot,

Preparing for War -War Industries Board Gov’t regulated the Economy -Opportunities for Women /Minorities -Conservation efforts: rationing :“Meatless Mon” Victory Garden ” tripled shipments to the allies Daylight Savings Time -Liberty Bonds, increased taxes

Preparing for War -War Industries Board -Opportunities for Women /Minorities -Conservation efforts Victory Gardens Daylight Savings Time -Liberty Bonds, increased taxes Letting the Gov’t borrow $

Preparing for War -War Industries Board -Opportunities for Women /Minorities -Conservation efforts Victory Gardens Daylight Savings Time -Liberty Bonds, increased taxes

Preparing for War -War Industries Board -Opportunities for Women /Minorities -Conservation efforts Victory Gardens Daylight Savings Time -Liberty Bonds, increased taxes

Preparing for War -War Industries Board -Opportunities for Women /Minorities -Conservation efforts Victory Gardens Daylight Savings Time -Liberty Bonds, increased taxes

Public Opinion -Committee on Public Information propaganda Agency ( biased communication to sway Public Opinion) George Creel 4 Minute Men “I want You” Campaign -Anti-immigrant sentiment -Espionage 1917( disloyalty) and Sedition Act 1918 ( rebelling against one’s Gov’t)

Public Opinion -Espionage and Sedition Act Schenck v. United States : clear & present danger *In time of war, you cannot yell “Fire” in a crowded building

Social Changes -African Americans Great Migration brought increased opportunities *100,000 Blacks moved N Civil Rights Debated?? -Women took the jobs left by many men 19 th Amendment was passed

Epidemic -World War brought disease to a new level -large groups of people were exposed -Influenza (flu) outbreak of 1918 spread all over the world -1/4 of the U.S. fell victim and ½ million died -as many as 40 million dead worldwide