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The Great Bristol GA 6 th Form Competition March 2012 A Decision Making Exercise How effectively have the London Olympics sites met the urban regeneration and sustainability agenda thus far in the Lower Lea Valley candy.co.uk/clocks/london2012.htm

What you will be enlightened by 1.The London Olympic Vision 2.Background to the bid 3.The location of the Games 4.Why the location was chosen 5.The major stakeholders 6.Parallel case studies 7.The S.E.E impacts of large sporting events

The Vision ‘The 2012 Games will improve life for people in London’s most deprived area. They will be a catalyst for the regeneration of London's east end and will provide affordable housing and quality living space for the people of Newham’, Barbara Cassani London Olympic Bid Vice Chair ‘The London Games in 2012 will be far more than just a four week festival of sport. They will be quite simply the most sustainable ever – leaving a lasting legacy of jobs, homes and environmental improvements for East London, London and Britain’. Ken Livingstone, former Mayor of London. ‘The Games will lift our international profile, attract inward investment and boost profits and jobs for everyone’. Sir Digby Jones, Director General of the Confederation of British Industry. IOC say that successful Olympic hosts must show they are providing a sustainable legacy, lasting beyond the Olympics themselves.

Background to the bid Bid for 2012 submitted July 2003 Of the 9 bids submitted. IOC reduced choices to 5 by May 2004 These were London, Madrid, Moscow, New York, and Paris July 2005 Singapore the final announcement London beat Paris in a close contest

Location of the London Olympics: the main site The Lower Lea Valley It is the boundary between the boroughs of Newham, Hackney, Waltham Forest and Tower Hamlets The valley stretches for about 5 km between Stratford and the River Thames.

The main site: Before

The main site: During

1.The Lower Lea Valley is home to one of the most deprived communities in the country. 2.Considered the largest remaining regeneration opportunity in inner London. 3.Unemployment is high 4.The public health record is poor. 5.It suffers from a lack of infrastructure. 6.Industry provided low-density employment. 7.Poor environmental quality - Fly tipping has been a major problem in the area for years + high levels of contaminated land. Reasons for the choice of location: Lower Lea Valley

Urban regeneration in East London Today East London is an area of regeneration with a rising population. It is made up of the London boroughs of Barking & Dagenham, Hackney, Havering, Newham, Redbridge, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest. The total area of this group of boroughs is km² and the total population in 2004 was 1.5 million. East London, like many inner cities, suffered as a result of deindustrialisation, particularly between when the Docklands area was unable to compete with new container ports such as Tilbury and Felixstowe. The London Docklands urban Development Corporation (LDDC, 1981) and Enterprise Zone (1982) helped to regenerate the Docklands area. When the LDDC finished in 1998, the whole Docklands area had seen massive change and development. Its achievements included the establishment of a secondary financial district and the development of an improved transport

Social Indicators

Economic Indicators

Multiple Deprivation Index Data 1.Income 2.Employment, 3.Health 4.deprivation and Disability, 5.Education Skills and Training, 6.Barriers to Housing and Services, 7.Crime the Living Environment.

Vicious Circle of decline High unemployment People have less money to spend on goods and services People have more time and less money and opportunities. Less taxes and business rates are paid to the local council The local council invests less in housing, roads and education Young people leave school with fewer qualifications Petty crime often increases

The London Olympics: Major sporting Infrastructure Stadium Aquatics Velodrome Hockey Centre Basketball Arena Athletes Village Press Centre

Location of the London Olympics: the main site Athlete’s Village Canary WharfAquatics Centre The Velodrome The main Athletics Stadium Hockey Centre Basketball centre River Lea Stratford International Rail link

The Main Stadium

The Aquatics Centre

The Velodrome + BMX track

The Hockey Centre

The Basketball Centre

The Athletes Village and Stratford Rail link

Location of the London Olympics: the other sites London The ExCel centre – boxing, Judo etc The Millennium Dome - Gymnastics Wembley - Football Greenwich Park - Equestrian Royal Artillery Barracks - shooting Wimbledon - Tennis Lords - Archery Regents Park – Road race cycling Outside London Weymouth – sailing Dorney Lake - Rowing

Who are/were the major stakeholders / players? Organisers Seb Coe – Chair London Organising Committee Ken Livingstone Finance bodies Private investors – fund staging of games (approx £2 billion) –Coke, McDonalds, Panasonic –BA, British Telecom, John Lewis, BP, Lloyds TSB Central Government and other bodies fund infrastructure + venues (£……) –National Government (tax payers) – 64% –National lottery – 23% –Mayor of London + LDA (London Development Agency – 13%

International Olympic Committee They are interested in how the Olympics are viewed around the work and claim that if the games are to be a success they MUST leave a sustainable legacy London Development Agency They are interested in the development of London as a whole and will definitely want a strong legacy for Newham. London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games The group that are organising the big ideas. They make the decisions about where to spend the money Olympic Delivery Authority They put into place what the committee decide is best they want the games to run smoothly Boris Johnston (Mayor of London) Wants the economic, social and environmental well being of the city to be high and needs local people to feel that the games were a success so that they will vote for him again Transport for LondonThey have to organise how the many millions of visitors are going to be transported around the city Four London Borough Councils They are more interested in the long term benefits that the games can bring rather than if the games are seen as a success Who are/were the major stakeholders / players?

Parallel Case Studies: The 2000 Sydney Olympics Socio Economic Impacts Costs of games tripled to AU$6 billion Costs rose partially due to high cost of site decontamination AU$6 billion investment in infrastructure Net loss AU$2.1 billion Tourism numbers increased million visitors spent AU$6 billion Tourism numbers decreased in 4 years after the event $2 billion received in TV rights, sponsorship + ticket sales Gentrification occurred + No affordable housing generated in Athletes village Athletes village fully sold off after games. Now home to 5000 (Newington) Environmental impacts Venues largely unused – white elephant although some reuse in 2003 Rugby World Cup 430 Hectares of ecologically significant wetland + remediated brownfield sites produced 40kms of cycle path and pedestrian footpaths created Water recycling system built. Now saves Sydney 850 m litres of drinking water / year Athletes village solar powered 95% of waste recycled in building phase

Parallel Case Studies: The 2004 Athens Olympics Socio Economic Impacts Costs skyrocketed to over $9.3 billion Costs of maintaining the environment = $500 million annually Games Debt likely to take 2 decades to repay 21 of 22 venues now abandoned including hockey and kayaking Major stadium home to football team FC Panathinaikos so well used Athletes village not fully sold off after games as isolated + lacked service provision Environmental impacts Many venues abandoned + graffitied Olympics acted as catalyst for pedestrian walkways and metro system (now carries 600,000 a day) Solar panels were not installed on Athletes village due to spiralling costs

Classic Olympic issues: Social Impacts 1.Land rights 2.Gentrification + speculative developers 3.Social exclusion 4.Community displacement – Clay’s Lane 5.A genuine social Legacy of housing + services? 6.The feel good factor?

Not everyone is for the games

Classic Olympic issues: Economic Impacts 1.Overall spiralling costs? – Security? 2.Costs of developing a brownfield site 3.Impact on the local economy multiplier… 4.Job creation 5.Tourism footfall + spending 6.Rebranding / reimaging / regeneration 7.Investment in transport infrastructure

Investment in transport infrastructure

The costs and income of running the games

Classic Olympic issues: Environmental impacts 1.Brownfield site decontamination 2.Environmental sustainability of the site 3.Environmental Impact of the build 4.Energy supply + consumption 5.The impacts of Transport to / from and inside the venue(s) 6.Consumption during the games

How successful has regeneration been? ReimagingRegeneration SocialYet to be seenUntil recently, plans for housing have been substantial, with estimates of up to 9000 new homes around the Olympic Park after However, the new Mayor has promised to make the Games ‘less about regeneration and more about sport’ and is known to be keen to make efficiency savings where possible. In Sydney after 2000, cost pressures and a change of political will forced a change of policy from social housing to free market private housing, which promised far higher rewards. EconomicThe people who value land post-2012 will have to factor in increased land values as the ‘desirability' of the area increases. Even if a prolonged credit crunch ensues, land values around the Olympic Park will have more than doubled since It is fair to ask whether London’s costs can balance. The UK Government estimated in mid-2008 that costs would reach £10-£11 billion, over four times the original estimate, but that these would be exceeded by the scale of benefits. These costs will have to be balanced by ticket sales and sponsors – but the payback will occur largely through indirect impacts. Tourist spending and the increase in construction employment each generate ripple effects in east London, but the big payback will come in terms of land values. EnvironmentalYet to be seenThe plans for London’s 2012 have extended Sydney’s concept of the ‘Green Olympics'. Using some of the same design personnel responsible for Sydney, London’s central hub is Olympic Park, the first major park in London for over a century. As well as providing a traffic-free concourse during the Olympics and Paralympics, the Olympic Park will promote the regeneration of the Lea Valley and create a new Lea Valley Regional Park.

Green rules. How sustainable will the games be? Use ‘brownfield’, not ‘greenfield’ sites. Use or adapt existing materials, rather than build from scratch Design and use environmentally friendly buildings and materials Minimise adverse impacts of Olympic events on residents Minimise waste, and recycle wherever possible Protect native ecosystems, fauna or flora Make Olympic sites fully accessible by public transport. Manage water sustainably Use energy efficiently Create a local amenity and access for people

‘Assess’, An exam tastic term 1.Assess = consider both sides of the argument and come to a considered conclusion 2.To do this… 3.Consider Costs Vs Benefits 4.Of various S.E.E.P impacts 5.Be balanced 6.But show complexity in your arguments ‘However’

Your BIG task Assess the success of the London Olympic Games in meeting regeneration and sustainability agendas thus far

Assess the success of the London Olympic Games in meeting regeneration and sustainability agendas thus far: The activity and the task 1.You have decide how far the Olympic games site have been successful with the regeneration and sustainability agenda. So consider both sides of the argument and come to a considered conclusion. 2.Consider Costs Vs Benefits. Use data. 3.But show complexity in your arguments ‘However’ 4.Include the views of the various stakeholders 5.Set the decision within the framework of sustainability. Remember to cover social, economic and environmental impacts

Getting started 1.Send a representative to collect an information pack 2.Read through the information in the packs 3.Then distribute the 5 tasks from the previous slide between the different members of the team 4.Send a representative to collect paper, pens etc 5.You have one hour before you presentation must be delivered to the judges 6.Good luck and remember unimaginable prizes, fame and glory for the winning team.

Spare stuff / templates for additional slides

Making decisions are never easy in Geography A key element of geography and the working world is decision making The key is.. Be informed. Read up to give you breadth of understanding of the SEEP points (Social, Economic, Environmental and Political) Then you can make an informed decision which will allow you to PEE (a great relief) Identify your social, economic and environmental Points and consider the sustainability factor Expand and explain your points Support them with Evidence Finally see the complexity ‘However’, Recognise your weaknesses and prepare your counter arguments