Session 1: Settlement through the American Revolution

About the Exam The Exam is 3 hour and 15 minutes and consists of 2 sections: 55-minute multiple-choice section 130-minute free-response section The free-response section begins with a mandatory 15 minute reading period—students should spend most of the 15 minutes analyzing the docs and planning their DBQ (suggested writing time is 45 minutes for the DBQ) Parts B and C each include two standard essay questions. Students are required to answer 1 essay question in each part in a total of 70 minutes. It is suggested that students spend 5 minutes planning and 30 minutes writing each essay.

Exam Content Period Covered Pre-Columbian to to to the present Approximate Percentage of the test 20% 45% 35%

The Exam Composition continued… Material Covered Approximate Percentage of the test Public Institutions, behavior and public policy Social change, and cultural and intellectual developments Diplomacy and international relations Economic developments 35% 40% 15% 10%

College Board Topics Outline 1. Pre-Columbian Societies Early inhabitants of the Americas American Indian empires in Mesoamerica, the Southwest, and the Mississippi Valley American Indian cultures of North America at the time of European contact 2. Transatlantic Encounters and Colonial Beginnings, 1492–1690 First European contacts with Native Americans Spain’s empire in North America French colonization of Canada English settlement of New England, the Mid-Atlantic region, and the South From servitude to slavery in the Chesapeake region Religious diversity in the American colonies Resistance to colonial authority: Bacon’s Rebellion, the Glorious Revolution, and the Pueblo Revolt

College Board Topics Outline Colonial North America, 1690–1754 Population growth and immigration Transatlantic trade and the growth of seaports The eighteenth-century back country Growth of plantation economies and slave societies The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening Colonial governments and imperial policy in British North America The American Revolutionary Era, 1754–1789 The French and Indian War The Imperial Crisis and resistance to Britain The War for Independence

Mayan Civilization Corn was the basis of the civilization Mayans dug an extensive network of canals and water- control ditches than previously known Only Indians in the Western Hemisphere to invent own type of writing Invented the zero, developed a calendar based upon astronomy,

Aztec Civilization In present day Mexico, Aztecs founded Tenochitlan as their capital Practiced human sacrifices to please their gods Fell after rapid spread of smallpox and an unfortunate myth regarding their gods

Incan Civilization In present day Peru/Andes Mountains Largest, oldest and best organized of the Indian civilizations Incans divided land into 3 parts: one for the sun (religion), one for the Inca (government) and one for the ayllu (community) Developed an impressive agricultural system, complete with terracing, drainage and irrigation which led to impressive food surpluses

European Conquests Europeans were looking for new trade and new lands 1492—Columbus sets sail and “discovers” the New World Spain and Portugal were particularly dominant— remember the Treaty of Tordesillas! In 1517, Hernan Cortes landed in Mexico and named it Vera Cruz—acquire as much gold and silver as possible and spread Christianity; by 1521, the conquest was complete Francisco Pizarro completed the conquest of Incas by 1535 By the mid 1500s, Havana, Mexico City, Quito, Buenos Aires, Santiago were founded

Key Exports and Consequences Gold, silver Tobacco, rubber, cacao and cotton Potatoes and Corn Destruction of indigenous life Creation of “mestizo race” African slaves brought to New World as early as 1502; unlike in America, the slave system in the New World was not self-sustaining and they had to rely upon slave importation Creation of a new culture that incorporated indigenous, African, European and Catholic elements