Early Human Species Notes Date: 9.24.13 A 9.25.13 B What features and skills have made the human species survive? Early Human Species Notes Class Work: Warm Up: Prepare for Notebook Check Take 5 minutes and compare your notebook with a partner. Do you have?: -page numbers correct? -Essential Questions on left side pages? -titles on right side pages? -WIO’s and Warm-Up assignments written and completed? -Notes taped in where they need to be? Warm Up Check HW- Scavenger Hunt Notebook Check- Quiz Grade (15 min) WIO (30 min) Early Human Species Notes (15 min) Go over HW WIO: Mankind Video Notes and Reflection Answer in at least 3 complete sentences: What was the most interesting thing you learned from the video today? Why was it interesting to you? What do you want to know more about? HW: Get Progress Report Signed. Make corrections to project or turn in missing assignments as needed. Finish Today’s WIO Page20 Page21

Notebook Check You have 15 minutes to complete. NO LONGER. Put answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Important ant Scavenger Hunt Answers 1) Why do you think the areas on the image/visual in green? Come back and Clarify your answer (after you have done your research) Prediction: Clarification: Those are the fertile lands. This is the area of the world that we refer to as the “Fertile Crescent” because it is from this area that civilizations begin to thrive. 4) Click the tab “Overview” to return to the previous page. Select “Chapter 1 – Human Origins”, and then select “1.1 Rise of Humans”. This page is discussing footprints- How are the footprints being used? Where have you seen an example of this before? They are being used to relate fossils to human origins.

Important Scavenger Hunt Answers 5) *Archeology in the beginning was about looking for treasure. Archeology today is more to find the historical events so that we can better understand our world. *Tools that are used are more advanced and can date artifacts and fossils more accurately. 6) Anthropologists study human behaviors and cultures. Archeologists study the artifacts and fossils of human societies.

Important Scavenger Hunt Answers 7) What are some ways that Archeologists examine a site? *Digging/excavation *Precision tools 9) Look over the “Review Flashcards” What are they titled? How could something like this be resourceful to you at home (not just this unit-but any)? * study tool

3.Merchants and artisans 4. Farmers 10) What were the changes that led to human migration out of Africa? How did they migrate? Provide 2 examples. *Climate change *need for resources *walked in mass groups 13) Can you find reasoning why they were they created? What is The Social Hierarchy? 1. Religious Officials 2.Skilled workers 3.Merchants and artisans 4. Farmers

Mankind Video Notes Video Guide goes on page 20- TODAY’S WIO IT GOES IN ORDER! PAY ATTENTION! WE WILL GO OVER IT if you don’t get it. DON’T Distract someone else!

Mankind: human origins video key ___13 Billion years___ after the universe begins, the human species is born. In the grasslands of ___EAST AFRICA________human begins their struggle to survive. What are 2 features of those first humans described in the video? 2 inches taller than the average American A natural athlete A born hunter Good vision, accurately judge distance Dexterous hands Speed on two legs Why does man need to invent tools? Weapons make you more powerful Tools make the man better Need to be on two feet and free your hands

The greatest key to our survival is the use of ___FIRE_______. Name two ways fire helps our survival. Cooking food Protection from predators What benefit does cooking food have for human development? Easier to digest food which means we can have a smaller stomach Smaller stomachs mean our brain can have more ability to grow bigger, make more connections 70,000 years ago, humans begin to MIGRATE out of Africa.

Over 50,000 years, mankind begins to settle in Middle East, Asia, Australia, and Europe. The Ice Age begins due to a shift of the planet away from the sun. How did early humans survive the Ice Age. Live in caves for protection Clothing created for protection from the cold What do the cave paintings show us? First display of sense of identity Shows evidence of survival By 10,000 BCE, human population reaches 1 million. What part of the world begins the agricultural revolution? Middle East

People settle where food can be grown- Fertile Land The foundation of our modern world is planting the first seed. An acre of land can feed 100 times more people as hunting and gathering. What is the first crop to conquer the globe? WHEAT Taming and breeding animals is the key to growing populations. TRUE or FALSE. Farmers had a shorter life span than hunters. Explain why this is. Farmers would fight over their land. Land equals survival.

Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives. The First Humans Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives.

TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN? AFRICA

KEY UNDERSTANDINGS: WHAT DOES MIGRATION MEAN? MIGRATION IS MOVING FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER NAME TWO REASONS WHY EARLY HOMINIDS MIGRATED FROM AFRICA. 1) Food 2) Climate  HOW DID EARLY HOMINIDS MOVE FROM CONTINENT TO CONTINENT? They built rafts or walked over glaciered land bridges between the continents before the end of the Ice Age.

Very Early Humans It was during this time that the higher primates, including apes and early man, first appeared. There was a difference between apes and man. Early human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not. Their hands were different, too. Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Man’s hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to make and use tools.

First Humans www.sonoma.edu/.../ anclub/neanderfacts.html Characteristics Powerful jaw Receding chins Low foreheads Heavy eyebrows

*NOTES* LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts. DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia

"Lucy" skeleton, Australopithecus afarensis, about 2 "Lucy" skeleton, Australopithecus afarensis, about 2.6 million years ago.

Archaeologist Mary Leaky

STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN: 1. 90cc skull size 2. Upright vertebrate 3. Thumb for tool making

Stage 1-Homo Habilis- “Handy Man” First to make stone tools 2.5 million years Ago

Stage 2- Homo Erectus 1st to use fire May have had spoken language 1st hominid to migrate out of Africa 1.5 million BC – 250,000 BC HOMO ERECTUS  “upright man”

Upright Man That changed everything! Many years passed. Another group of man was born. Scientists nicknamed this group “Upright Man”. Upright Man did know how to make fire. That changed everything! People began to cook their food, which helped to reduce disease. People collected around the fire each night, to share stories of the day's hunt and activities, which helped to develop a spirit of community.

Upright Man These Stone Age people were about the same size as modern humans. Their tool-making skills were considerably improved. Their weapons included stone axes and knives. Because Upright Man could make fire, he was free to move about in search of food. He did not have to worry about freezing. He made warm clothes from animal skins. At night, he built a campfire to cook his food and to stay warm.

Man Leaves Home About one million years ago, Upright Man began to slowly leave Africa. These early people began to populate the world. They did not need a boat. The Ice Age was here! They traveled across giant walkways of frozen ice, over what later would become vast rivers and seas. Scientists have found artifacts of their tools and weapons, which help us to understand how they lived, where they went, and how they got there.

Stage 3- Homo Sapiens Neanderthals Cro-Magnons 250,000 BC - 30,000 BC HOMO SAPIENS  “wise humans”

Neanderthals 1st to bury their dead Religious beliefs Clothes made of animal skin Scientists once thought that Neanderthals were ancestors of modern humans but no longer do. These hominids appeared 200,000 years ago. About 30,000 years ago, though, the Neanderthals strangely disappeared.

Neanderthals *Neanderthals were different from other species of early humans. *They were tall and smart * lived in caves *They were great hunters. Considering how smart they were, and how advanced for their time, scientists are puzzled that the Neanderthals were one of the early species of man to die out. Many species of man died out in these early days. But why the Neanderthals? It is a history mystery.

Cro-Magnons- Homo Sapiens 30,000-8000 BC Replaced Neanderthals Fully modern human

Cro-Magnon Man Another group of early men stood out during this period. Scientists nicknamed this group “Cro-Magnon man”. Cro-Magnon man lived in Europe. This group did not live a life of constant struggle for survival because they worked together to provide food for their tribe.

Cro-Magnon Man These Stone Age people learned to cure and store food for the long winter. They used traps, which allowed them to catch food while they were busy doing something else. Fisherman used nets woven from vines and fishhooks. Some groups built rafts and canoes to catch bigger fish in deeper waters. They made clothing and jewelry. They invented the bow and arrow.

Cro-Magnons About 10,000 years before Neanderthals vanished, the Cro-Magnons appeared. Their bodies were just like those of modern people. Scientists think that these people worked with one another in planning large-scale hunts of animals. They may have also had more skill at speaking than Neanderthals. Because they had these skills, the Cro-Magnons were better at finding food. That may explain why Cro-Magnons survived and Neanderthals did not.

During this time people found shelter in caves and left behind very interesting artifacts

Cave Paintings Cro-Magnon man did something rather unusual. For some reason, he drew paintings deep inside dark caves, on cave walls. His paintings were added to the paintings already on the cave walls, left by other Cro-Magnon men. Over time, a cave might accumulate hundreds of paintings. Colors used most often were brown, yellow/tan, dark red, and coal black.