1 diplobion haplobion M kuncup P sel induk REPRODUCTION GENETIC OF LIFE CYCLE K

Diploid x 10 -6/ /ml Jenis sel (%) Strain B,C,Y,Z auxotrophic mutant haploid aC X  Z 2 hours later + aB &  Y diploidaC/  Z aC/  Y aB/  Z aB/  Y factor   hormone for copulation factor a a jam Function of factor  : 1. Aglutination: cell of compatible mating type attached occur mnt before cells stop to grow or modify their shape 2. Aglutination stopped the growth of the cell at G1 phase before DNA synthesis and bud formation ( sikloheksimid stopped aglutination) +factor  - factor  cell a, uninukleat budding cell a, uninukleat not buddding jam 2

Log sel/ml DNA synthesis With factor  Without factor  Total cell Total DNA Faktor  stop Model of mating regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3

4 MAT a MAT  Biosyntheses of a-factor and alpha factor MATING TYPE PHENOTYPE idiomorph MAT a1 MAT  W W X X Ya Z1Z1 Z2Z2 YY Z2Z2 Z1Z1 642 bp Cell of mating type a tipe kawin  1427 bp Control other mating type gene and gamet conjugation 327 bp   a bp

WX Y  ZX YaZWX Y  Z X YaZW ZWX Y  Z HML  HMR aMAT a HMR aMAT  HML  HMR a MAT  MAT a HML  Mating type switching: casette model Homology mat, HML dan HMR = silence Cassette interchange Gene HO formed enzyme Y/Z endonuklease cut the border of Y/Z strain HO + (homothallic) switch their mating type strain HO - (heterothallic) do not switch their mating type Product of gene SIR prohibit HML and HMR cutting 5

6 WXYY Z X YaZ WX Y  Z HMR a MAT  HML  Peran gen SIR SIR 1-4 E E Switching occur in a pair of cellinterconversion occur prior to DNA synthesis HO Y/Z endonuclease produced at G1 phase and unstable (inactive when cutting has occured) HML a HMR  cassette exchange with similar type of cassete  a  aaaa   M G1 S G2 Probability of cell that ever bud formed is 80%, switching a  Gen SIR: prohibit HML & HMR cutting and transcription PROGRAM OF MATING TYPE INTERCONVERSION (only haploid cell) s  s a s 

Gen MAT encode pheromone Structure of Pheromone Faktor a dan  ---- peptida Filtrat kultur sel  mengandung 4 peptida: 1212 Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gin-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr-OH His-Trp-Leu-Gin-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr-OH  3 =  1  4 =  2 gugus farnesil a2 a3 Tyr-lle-lle-Lys-Gly-Val-Phe-Trp-Asp-Pro-Ala-Cys-OCH 3 Tyr-lle-lle-Cys-Gly-Leu-Phe-Trp-Asp-Pro-Ala-Cys-OCH 3 a  a  bentuk oksidasi dari a2 dan a3 7

8 HORMONE ACCEPTOR AND CARA KERJANYA Mating type a  Mating hormone a-faktor  -faktor Acceptor hormone  -faktor a-faktor Gene encodes acceptor hormone STE2 STE3 Cell surfaceAceeptor hormone Sporulation diploid cell  /aAble to form ascospore MAT a/  function  Experiments: MAT  2 diploid MAT a diploid mat  2 x mat a mat  1 x mat a sporulate MAT a /MAT  diploid : - not mate -  & a factor is not produce - cell not response to  & a factor Not sporulated HO  2/a1 proteinRME IME