Wood wasps / Horntails 1 to 1.5 inches long D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Wood wasps / Horntails Schiff et al. 2006 1 to 1.5 inches long “Horn tail” and lack narrow “waist” 23 species in US and Canada 2 on hardwood, 21 on softwood 19 native, 4 exotic

Which Insect is a Wood Wasp? D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Which Insect is a Wood Wasp? Insect A Insect B Insect C N. Wright, FDACS, Bugwood.org F. & K. Starr, U.S. GS, Bugwood.org A – wood wasp (pigeon horntail, Tremex columba) B – paper wasp C – cicada G. Alpert, Harvard Univ., Bugwood.org A B C

The Sirex Woodwasp ● 1 to 1.5 inches long D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org The Sirex Woodwasp K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra The Female The Male ● 1 to 1.5 inches long ● Dark metallic blue-black body ● Legs reddish-yellow, feet black ● Antennae entirely black Similar to females, but… ● Middle portion of abdomen orange ● Hind legs black

K. E. Zylstra

Which Insect is a Sirex Wood Wasp? D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Which Insect is a Sirex Wood Wasp? Insect A Insect B Insect C F. & K. Starr, U.S. GS, Bugwood.org N.Wright, FDACS, Bugwood.org PDIL, Bugwood.org A – Pigeon horntail (Tremex columba) B – Sirex wood wasp C – Longhorned beetle PDIL, Bugwood.org G. Alpert, Harvard Univ., Bugwood.org B A C

The Larva ● Creamy white ● Legless ● Dark spine at tip of abdomen K. E. Zylstra The Larva K. E. Zylstra ● Creamy white ● Legless ● Dark spine at tip of abdomen

D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Siricids are commonly referred to as horntails because of their cornus on the posterior end Currently, there is no morphological key for siricid larvae and a molecular key is being developed by the USFS. K. E. Zylstra

Which Larva is a Wood Wasp? D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Which Larva is a Wood Wasp? Insect A Insect B Insect C A – Wood wasp larva B – Long horned beetle larvae C – Emerald ash borer larva D. Cappaert, MI State Univ., Bugwood.org H. Pase III, Texas F.S., Bugwood.org S. Kinelski, , Bugwood.org A B C

Finely packed frass in the tunnel D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org K. E. Zylstra When you cut through the tree sometimes you can see where you cut through a gallery K. E. Zylstra Finely packed frass in the tunnel

Larval Galleries K. E. Zylstra

K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra Larval galleries

Adult male chewing his way out… D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Adult male chewing his way out… K. E. Zylstra

Symptoms of Attack Resin beads Browning/thinning crown D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Symptoms of Attack Resin beads Browning/thinning crown Woodpecker damage Exit holes ***The Sirex wood wasp can attack living trees, while native wood wasps attack dead or dying trees***

Resin Beads Look Different On Different Pine Species… D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Resin Beads Look Different On Different Pine Species… Red Pine Scots Pine White Pine Resin beads K. E. Zylstra

Infested Scots Pine K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Infested Scots Pine K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra

Infested Red Pine K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Infested Red Pine K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra

Infested White Pine K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Infested White Pine K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra

K. E. Zylstra Exit Holes Perfectly circular, size ranging from 1/8 to 3/8 inch diameter K. E. Zylstra

K. E. Zylstra

Which Damage is from a Wood Wasp? D. Lance, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Which Damage is from a Wood Wasp? Damage A Damage B Damage C A – Wood wasp emergence holes B – Pine bark beetle emergence holes (note small size) C – Sap sucker damage (Note grid pattern of holes) D. Haugen, U.S. F.S., Bugwood.org J. Hodge, Univ. of Kentucky, Bugwood.org R.. Billings, TX F.S., Bugwood.org A B C

K. E. Zylstra K. E. Zylstra