Chapter 29 Section 3 New Issues

Problems Facing Urban African Americans 1965-1968 Race riots broke out in many cities. Worst riot was in Detroit. Army was sent in w/ tanks & soldiers. Kerner Commission made recommendations that would prevent further riots. Suggested the creation of 2 million jobs in inner cities & 6 million new units of public housing. Johnson didn’t endorse due to massive spending on the Vietnam War.

The Shift to Economic Rights After criticism for failing to improve the economic condition of A.A., King focused on that. Chicago Movement – called attention to housing conditions. King moved into a slum apt in Chicago

Economic Rights King led a march through Marquette Park. Mayor Richard Daley protected the marchers and proposed a program to clean up the slums.

Black Power After 1965, many A.A. turned away from non-violent teachings of King. Stokely Carmichael thought A.A. should control the social, political, & economic direction of their struggle.

Black Power Black Power stressed a pride in A.A. culture & opposed cultural assimilation, or the philosophy of incorporating different racial or cultural groups into the dominant society. Dr. King was critical of black power.

Malcolm X Symbol of the Black Power movement. Was a member of the Nation of Islam, known as the Black Muslims, who believed that A.A. should separate themselves from whites & form their own self-governing communities.

Malcolm X Malcolm X broke from the N of I and began to believe an integrated society was possible. 1965 – 2 members of the N of I shot him.

Black Panthers Formation of the Black Panthers was the result of a new generation of militant A.A. leaders preaching black power, black nationalism, and economic self-sufficiency. Believed a revolution was necessary to gain equal rights. Adopted a “Ten Point Program”

Assassination of MLK, Jr. By the late 1960s, the CRM had split into many competing organizations. The result was no further legislations to help A.A. April 4, 1968 – MLK was shot by a sniper causing mourning and riots in more than 100 cities.

James Earl Ray

Civil Rights Act of 1968 Contained a fair housing provision outlawing discrimination in housing sales and rentals.

“I’ve been to the mountaintop…I’ve looked over and I’ve seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you but I want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the Promised Land.”

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