Ch. 16 IDs

1.) Spoils System When – Act in which elected politicians give government jobs to friends and supporters Significance – Causes corruption and incompetence at different government levels and will eventually split the Republican Party

2.) Stalwarts and Half-breeds What – Stalwarts are Republicans who are in favor of the spoils system while Half-breeds wanted reform Significance – This divisions will eventually cause the assassination of James Garfield

3.) Garfield/Guiteau What – Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled Stalwart, shoots and kills President Garfield When – 1881 Significance – Will turn everyone against the spoils system and lead to the Pendleton Civil Service Act

4.) Pendleton Civil Service Act What – Legislation that makes people take an aptitude test in order to qualify for a number of government jobs Significance – Brings an end to the corruption and ineptitude of the spoils system

5.) Wabash v. Illinois What – Supreme Court ruling that states that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate trade When – 1886 Significance – 1.) Leads to the creation of the ICC 2.) Inadvertently ends laissez faire economics

6.) Interstate Commerce Commission What – Government agency created to regulate interstate trade Significance – 1.) One of the first independent government agencies 2.) Government takes a more active role in regulating the economy

7.) Sherman Antitrust Act What- Legislation that made trusts illegal When – 1890 Significance – Sets precedent (Most politicians were too afraid to use it until T. Roosevelt)

8.) The Grange What – One of the oldest farming organizations in the US When – 1867 Significance – Will cause farmers to start coming together and forming cooperatives/working together

9.) Farmers’ Alliance What – Large farmer’s exchange When – 1877 Where – Begins in Texas Significance – Failures of the alliance will cause farmers to get more political/form the Populist Party

10.) Panic of 1873 What – Economic recession caused by railroad failures and the removal of silver from circulation Significance – Leads to the formation of the Populist Party

11.) Panic of 1893 What – Economic depression caused by failure of multiple railroad companies Significance – Greatest depression in US to its time

12.) Populist Party What – Political party consisting mostly of farmers from the Midwest and parts of the South Significance – Will become very successful in the late 1800s and will introduce a number of reforms that will be passed by later generations

13.) “Front Porch Campaign” What – William McKinley’s campaign for presidency When – 1896 Significance – Popular method used in the late 1800s, gives the candidate the image of the “local man” working for everybody

14.) De Facto Segregation What – Segregation by choice Significance – De facto is seen everywhere and proves to be more difficult to defeat than segregation by law

15.) Jim Crow Laws What – Segregation laws Where – South Significance – Will lead to the treatment of AA as second-class citizens

16.) Grandfather Clause What – Law that states that if your grandfather could vote, then you could vote Significance – Loophole that still kept blacks from voting, while allowing poor whites

17.) Plessy v. Ferguson What – Court ruling that said segregation was legal When – 1896 Significance – Creates the “separate but equal” doctrine

18.) Booker T. Washington Who – African American leader Significance – 1.) Creates the Tuskegee Institute 2.) Promoted economic success over immediate political equality (gradualism)

19.) Atlanta Compromise What – Speech made by Booker T. Washington When – 1895 Significance – Washington introduces his gradualist beliefs

20.) W.E.B. DuBois Who – African American leader Significance – 1.) Will help create and lead the NAACP 2.) Will formulate the effort to grant AA full political equality immediately