Changing Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy
Maternal Diet and Infant Health Recommended weight gain 1# month 1 st Trimester 1# week 2 nd and 3 rd Trimester Excessive > 6-7# month or <2-3# Sudden increase suggests fluid retention Components of healthy nutrition Calorie needs: 2500 Calories Protein needs: increased Fat needs Vitamin needs: Folic Acid, Vitamin B (Neural Tube Defects)
Maternal Diet and Infant Health Components of healthy nutrition Mineral needs Calcium and phosphorus Iodine Iron Fluoride Sodium Zinc
Maternal Diet and Infant Health Components of healthy nutrition Fluid needs Fiber needs Foods to avoid Alcohol Caffeine Artificial sweeteners Weight loss diets
Assessment: Nutritional Health
Promoting Nutritional Health Nutritional Outcomes Family considerations Financial considerations Cultural considerations
Promoting Nutritional Health Common problems Nausea and vomiting Cravings Pica Pyrosis: heartburn Hypercholesterolemia
Promoting Nutritional Health Special needs pregnancy Adolescent Over age 40 Decreased nutritional stores Underweight Overweight Vegetarian
Nutritional Health with Special needs pregnancy Adolescent 40 years old Decrease nutrional stores Underweight / Overweight / Obese Phenylketonuria Multiple Pregnancy Smoker / Alcohol Concurrent Health problems Too many fast-food meals Lactose intolerance Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Special needs pregnancy Hyperemesis gravidarum Severe nausea and vomiting: prolonged past 12 weeks Severe dehydration: ketones, weight loss Increased thyroid function and HCG Usually with stress or poor coping Unable to maintain usual nutrition Therapeutic management