Crossing the Cell membrane http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html

Diffusion http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

FROM A LOT TO NOT A LOT Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” ____“where there’s ___________” FROM A LOT TO NOT A LOT

DIFFUSION across a space Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another. This is called the_____________ DIFFERENCE Concentration gradient

DIFFUSION across a SPACE DOWN Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration EXAMPLES from Higher to Lesser Blue dye in beaker demo, Kool Aid, someone making popcorn, grilling out, strong perfume, bad smell in room http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htm

DIFFUSION across a space Diffusion continues until the concentration is _________in space = ___________ ballanced Equilibrium http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

Kidspiration by: Riedell

Kinds of ________ Transport PASSIVE __________________________________ ___________________________________ Ion Channel Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis

Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html

Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell across membrane …as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________ pass through

DIFFUSION across a membrane difference Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other concentration Examples of molecules that move by diffusion across membranes in cells: See diffusion animation OXYGEN, WATER, CARBON DIOXIDE, NITROGEN http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm

CELL EXAMPLE: DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood) CO2 automatically moves from where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs) http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html

SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (Semi-permeable) MOVIE DIFFUSION ACROSS THE MEMBRANE http://life.nthu.edu.tw/~d857401/advance.html

OSMOSIS OSMOSIS DIFFUSION Semi-permeable lower = SPECIAL KIND OF DIFFUSION IMAGE by RIEDELL OSMOSIS ____________ See osmosis animation DIFFUSION __________ Movement of molecules across a _________________ membrane from ______ concentration to _____ Semi-permeable lower Higher

BUT…. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ molecules? LARGE POLAR http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

Facilitated Diffusion _______ proteins help diffusion go faster Carrier MOVIE DIFFUSION ACROSS THE MEMBRANE (FACILITATED DIFFUSION)

What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? _______________ AGAINST (LOWER  HIGHER) Cell example: Want to put MORE glucose into mitochondria when there is already glucose in there Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

What if cell needs to move molecules really _______ What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (can’t wait for it to diffuse) FAST Cell example: Movement of Na + & K+ ions required to send nerve signals http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.png

We need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________ WAY HELP can’t go themselves

FACILITATED DIFFUSION PASSIVE No energy required = __________________ Moves _________ concentration gradient from ________________________ _____________________ grab molecule, change shape, and flip to other side (Like a revolving door) Molecules that move this way in cells: _______________________ DOWN HIGHER to LOWER Membrane proteins GLUCOSE

Facilitated Diffusion Animation from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif

Kidspiration by: Riedell

Kinds of ________Transport ACTIVE ________________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________ Sodium-Potassium Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis

See a video clip about Na+-K+ pump -7D

Sodium (Na+)- Potassium (K+) Pump Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm See a movie about Na+ - K+ pump

Sodium-Potassium pump ACTIVE ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) Special just for Na+ and K + ions Uses integral ___________________ to move molecules Examples in nerve cells: Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells ATP Carrier Proteins

See a video clip about Endo/exocytosis -7E

ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell ACTIVE _____________transport (requires __________ from ______) Uses small membrane sacs called ______________ to carry substances energy ATP VESICLES http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/cell.html

2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell If taking in: fluid or small molecules =_________________ large particles or whole cells =______________ Examples in cells: one celled organisms eat this way white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way PINOCYTOSIS PHAGOCYTOSIS

Pinocytosis Called “Cell Drinking”

ENDOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/

PHAGOCYTOSIS Called “Cell Eating” ___________ destroying _______ germs White blood cell germs ___________ destroying _______

EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell ACTIVE __________ transport (requires __________) Substances move in____________ Examples in cells: _________ release packaged proteins this way energy VESICLES GOLGI

Exocytosis http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html

GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Video: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swf GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html See a Golgi movie

Endocytosis & Exocytosis Videos from: http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/notes/chp8/exocytosis_endocytosis.mov http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week2/endocytosis.mov Endocytosis & Exocytosis Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis Choose Screen/Switch programs to view

INSULIN being released by pancreas cells using exocytosis http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x26.jpg

What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane? WATER will move until concentration reaches equilibrium

VOCAB _____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution _____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved SOLUTE SOLVENT EX: Koolaid powder = solute Water = solvent Koolaid drink = solution http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

Images by Riedell __________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution CONCENTRATION MORE The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration GREATER

See a video clip about OSMOSIS -7B

See an animation Osmosis1 http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/osmosis1.jpg

OSMOSIS shrinks GREATER THAN Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis4.swf OSMOSIS See an animation OSMOSIS 4 HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________ GREATER THAN shrinks

Cell in Hypertonic Solution 15% NaCL 85% H2O ENVIRONMENT CELL 5% NaCL 95% H2O What is the direction of water movement?

OSMOSIS Swell and possibly burst LESS THAN Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis3.swf OSMOSIS See an animation Osmosis3 HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell More water enters than leaves cell so cell will ___________________ LESS THAN Swell and possibly burst

Cell in Hypotonic Solution 10% NaCL 90% H2O CELL 20% NaCL 80% H2O What is the direction of water movement?

OSMOSIS ISOTONIC: Concentration outside cell __________ EQUALS concentration inside cell Water entering = water leaving so cell _____________________ EQUALS STAYS THE SAME SIZE

Cell in Isotonic Solution 10% NaCL 90% H2O ENVIRONMENT CELL NO NET MOVEMENT 10% NaCL 90% H2O What is the direction of water movement? equilibrium The cell is at _______________.

NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving) Isotonic Solution Hypotonic Solution Hypertonic Solution NO NET MOVEMENT OF H2O (equal amounts entering & leaving) Cell Swells & may burst Cell shrivels up

Animal cells http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/bloodcells.gif

Osmosis in Red Blood Cells Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic

Plant cells _____ keeps CELL WALL Plant cells from bursting http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gif Plant cells CELL WALL _____ keeps Plant cells from bursting

VACUOLES store WATER OSMOTIC PRESSURE _____________________________ = http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuole.html OSMOTIC PRESSURE _____________________________ = Pressure exerted by water during osmosis

SO WHAT? hypotonic Bath water is ________________ compared to you Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water ________ your skin cells by osmosis enters

Grocery stores spray water on their veggies to “plump them up” http://www.painetworks.com/photos/gt/gt0461.JPG

SO WHAT?