Muscular System (Chapters 9 and 10) Function- transforms chemical energy (_____) into _______________energy, so that the muscles are capable of exerting a ________.

Muscle Overview Muscle functions: _______________ _______________ - voluntary and involuntary _______________ _______________ - working against gravity _______________ and _______________ joints to avoid damage Generating __________through movement

Muscle Overview Functional characteristics of Muscle: _______________ response to a stimulus _______________ shorten when adequately stimulated _______________ ability to be stretched or extended (even beyond their resting length) _______________ the ability of a muscle fiber to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched

Muscle Overview Muscle fibers/ _______________ : formed from the fusion of _______________ (_______________ cell that gives rise to muscle cells) long, _______________, _______________ cells Contain _______________ / myofibers called ______ and _________ that are responsible for muscle contraction.

Skeletal Muscle Attach to and _______the _______________ Have the _______________ of the muscle types _______________ stripes along the muscle tissue Can be controlled _______________

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross _______________– connective tissue covering that surrounds the muscle. _______________– Connective tissue that joins bones to muscles.

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross _______________ : connective tissue covering that surrounds the fascicle _______________ : bundle of muscle fibers __________and ___________supply is present so the muscles can react to stimulus and receive proper _____________ to function and receive energy.

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross Attachments: Most span __________ and attach to bones in at least ___ locations. _______________ muscle attachment in which moves toward the ____________ bone _______________ muscle attachment that moves toward the ____________ or less ____________ bone.

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross Ways muscle attach: __________- the ____________ of the muscle is fused to the ____________ of a bone of perichondrium of a cartilage (ex. __________). ___________- the muscle’s connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a ropelike ____________ ; common (ex. __________ ).

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular ____________ ________ is the muscle cell. Long and ____________ cells ____________, because of ____________ cells Because of the ____________ of cells, the names of certain structures are different, but the primary ____________ is the same.

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular One muscle fiber ____________ : connective tissue covering that surrounds the fiber

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular Endomysium ____________ : plasma membrane; below this are ____________ and ____________ ____________ : cytoplasm of the muscle fibers; contains large amounts of ____________ (stored ____________ ) ____________ ____________ : endoplasmic reticulum; releases ____________ ions during contraction and absorbs them during relaxation. ____________ : red pigment that stores ____________ within the protein. Look at myofibrils (next slide)

Cellular structure of a muscle ____________ : (bundles of ____________ ) Contain the ____________ elements of the muscle cell. ____________ : a repeating series of ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ bands.

Sarcomere (a segment of myofibril) ____________(area between 2 Z disks) made of: 1 ____________ Thick ____________ protein; have a light H zone present when relaxed and is bisected by an M line. 2. I band- Thin Actin protein

Myofilament actin fascicle myosin Muscle cell Myofilament The ____________ of the thin past the thick produces muscle ____________ (____________ )

Muscle Contraction and Relaxation The ____________ ____________ has a high concentration of ____________ ions ( ______ ) A muscle ______ sent to the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes the membrane to release ______ The presence of ______ allows links to be formed between ______ (______ ) and ______ (______ ) Thick filaments have a ______ head which attach to the ______ on the thin filament. These linkages are called ______ ______ . ______ ______ attach to microtubules at each A and I band junction forming an elongated tube; can conduct impulses to the deepest parts of the tissue signal for the release of ______ .