World War I and the Russian Revolution CHAPTER 27 4/6/2017 CHAPTER 27 World War I and the Russian Revolution Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Section 3: The Russian Revolution Section 4: The Terms of Peace Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe

Setting the Stage for War Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Objectives: Explain why rivalries increased among European nations. Identify the military alliances that existed at the beginning of World War I and explain how they changed by late 1915. Explain why the Balkans were a “powder keg.”

Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism Europeans leaders thought their goals could only be achieved by force

The System of Alliances Section 1: Setting the Stage for War The System of Alliances The Triple Alliance – Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary The Triple Entente – France, Russia, and Great Britain

The Balkan “Powder Keg” Section 1: Setting the Stage for War The Balkan “Powder Keg” Provided outlet to the sea Pan-Slavism

Mobilization of Europe Section 1: Setting the Stage for War Mobilization of Europe Russia supported Serbia Germany disregarded Belgian neutrality

Setting the Stage for War Section 1: Setting the Stage for War The War Expands Japan joined Great Britain and France Italy signed secret treaty with Great Britain, France and Russia for share of spoils Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined Austria-Hungary and Germany

World War I: A New Kind of War Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Objectives: Identify the advantages that each side had in World War I. Explain how new technology affected the way in which World War I was fought. Explain what led the United States to join the Allied Powers.

World War I: A New Kind of War Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War The Belligerents Central Powers had more rapid communications and movement, and better army Allied Powers had more soldiers, better industry, and better navy

Innovations in Warfare Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Innovations in Warfare Machine gun U-boat Poison gas airplane Tank

World War I: A New Kind of War Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War Early Years of the War Fighting on Gallipoli Naval warfare The stalemate – a war of attrition

The United States and World War I Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War The United States and World War I Contraband Propaganda about German atrocities Democratic ideals

The Russian Revolution Section 3: The Russian Revolution Objectives: Identify the events that led to the Russian Revolution. Explain how the Communists came to power. Explain how Russia’s revolution affected its participation in World War I.

The Russian Revolution Section 3: The Russian Revolution Russia in World War I Poverty Suppression of democracy Weak Duma

Lenin and the Bolsheviks Section 3: The Russian Revolution Lenin and the Bolsheviks Appealed to the poor Russian masses Formed basis of communism

The Russian Revolution Section 3: The Russian Revolution Peace and Civil War Lenin signed peace treaty with Central Powers Communists fought socialist opposition

The Terms of Peace Objectives: Section 4: Define the Fourteen Points. Explain how the war ended. Identify the disagreements that the peacemakers faced.

The Terms of Peace The Fourteen Points Section 4: Six general points to ensure a just and safer world Eight points dealt with specific regions and countries

Defeat of the Central Powers Section 4: The Terms of Peace Defeat of the Central Powers Arrival of American troops Revolution in Austria-Hungary

The Paris Peace Conference Section 4: The Terms of Peace The Paris Peace Conference Problems facing the peacemakers – some countries were excluded; territorial conflicts Reparations and peacekeeping – Allies wanted Germany to pay; League of Nations

The Terms of Peace What Kind of Peace? Section 4: Paris Peace Conference – conflicting viewpoints United States wanted fair settlement Many Allies wanted to punish Germany and break it up into regions occupied by Allied forces

Creating a “New” Europe Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe Objectives: Identify the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Explain how territories were redivided after the war. Explain how the League of Nations was structured.

The Treaty of Versailles Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe The Treaty of Versailles No draft Maximum of 100,000 men No heavy artillery, military planes, or submarines

Fates of Former Territories Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe Fates of Former Territories Ethnic populations Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia

Creating a “New” Europe Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe The League of Nations Organization – assembly, council, secretariat, World Court Mandates – colonies of defeated powers ruled by “advanced” governments The start of the League – 42 member nations grew to 59 by the 1940s