Asia in Transition CHAPTER 17 Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties 4/6/2017 CHAPTER 17 Asia in Transition Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Section 2: China and Europeans Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan

The Ming and Qing Dynasties CHAPTER 17 4/6/2017 Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Objectives: Explain why the Chinese showed little interest in overseas trade during the Ming dynasty. Describe how the Qing dynasty came to rule China. Discuss changes that occurred in the Chinese economy under Qing rule. Analyze reasons for the decline of the Qing dynasty.

The Ming and Qing Dynasties Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Ming Foreign Policy Attitudes toward trade – wanted to be self-sufficient; refused to rely on foreign trade The northern frontier – strengthened Great Wall of China; chose frontier defense over trade and sea travel

Founding the Qing Dynasty Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Founding the Qing Dynasty Nurhachi unified tribes into Manchu Adopted Chinese culture Kept Manchu people separate and distinct from Chinese

Economy, Culture, and Society Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Economy, Culture, and Society Economy – trade and manufacturing specialization grew Popular culture and society – novels and plays in everyday language; family was center of society

Decline of the Qing Dynasty Section 1: The Ming and Qing Dynasties Decline of the Qing Dynasty Population growth Government inefficiency and increases in taxes White Lotus Rebellion

China and Europeans Objectives: Section 2: Characterize early contact between Portugal and China. Explain why China and Great Britain went to war in the mid-1800s. Describe how internal rebellions contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty.

China and Europeans The Portuguese Section 2: Trade ties with China Jesuit missionaries helped emperors revise calendar, gained great power with imperial court Qing rulers became suspicious, fearful of Jesuits’ intentions

China and Europeans The British Section 2: Free trade ideas – Great Britain abolished British East India Company’s monopoly on trade with China The opium trade – Chinese demand for cotton didn’t match British demand for tea; British India exported opium to China, which caused trade imbalance The Opium War – Chinese tried to forcibly stop opium trade; Hong Kong went to British rule More concessions – unequal treaties with France and United States, foreign embassies in Beijing

China and Europeans Rebellions Section 2: Taiping Rebellion – caused terrible destruction Christian and Muslim teachings motivated more revolts

The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Objectives: Explain how the Tokugawa shogunate came to power. Discuss why Japan’s rulers sought to isolate their nation from foreign influence. Identify characteristics of society and culture under the Tokugawa shogunate. Describe how Japanese isolation was brought to an end.

Founding the Tokugawa Shogunate Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Founding the Tokugawa Shogunate Oda Nobunaga – conquests and alliances Toyotomi Hideyoshi – sword hunts kept peasants from becoming warriors Tokugawa Ieyasa – crushed rivals Tokugawa rule – combination of feudalism and central monarchy

The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Foreign Contact The Portuguese in Japan – Christian missionaries, Jesuits Closing the country – saw Christianity and Western technology as threats to Tokugawa rule and to Japanese traditions and values

The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan Life in Takugawa Japan Social classes – Confucian ideal; class was determined by birth Change and culture – internal trade expanded, artisans and merchants prospered, new forms of art, literature, theater

The End of Japan’s Isolation Section 3: The Tokugawa Shoguns in Japan The End of Japan’s Isolation Matthew Perry Treaty of Kanagawa – similar treaties with Great Britain, Netherlands, Russia