♣ Urban geographer study all aspects of the world’s cities. ♣ The first cities’ arose thousands of years ago in regions where agriculture had gained an early foothold. ♣ During the 19 th century, the industrial revolution fundamentally changed both the way that cities were built and their basic economic and cultural functions. ♣ Many of today’s cities still remain much of their historical agriculture and layout, but they also represent dynamic products constantly changing social and cultural forces. ♣ A few such places have managed to est. themselves as world centers of economic, cultural, or administrative power.

 Colonial Cities- Cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Ex- Jamestown and St. Augustine  Concentric Zone Model- Model that describes urban environments as a series of rings of distinct land uses radiating out from a central core, or a central business district.  Edge City- Cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same functions of urban areas.  Feudal City- Cities in Europe that were mostly developed during the medieval period and threat retain many of the same characteristics such as extreme density of development with narrow buildings and winding streets, and ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack.  Gateway City- Cities that, because of the geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas.  Medieval City- Developed in Europe during Medieval Period which contain features like; extreme density of development w/ narrow buildings and winding streets, ornate church at city center, high walls surrounding the city center for defense against attack.

 Multiple Nuclei Model- Type of urban form wherein cities have numerous centers of business and cultural activity instead of one central place.  Node- Geographical centers of activity. A large city, such as Los Angeles, has numerous nodes.  Primary City- A country's leading city, with a population that is disproportionately greater than other urban areas within the same country.  Sector Model- A model or urban land use that places the central business district in the middle with wedge-shaped sectors radiating outwards from the center along transportation corridors.  Urban Revitalization- Process occurring in some urban areas experiencing inner city decal involving construction of new shopping districts, entertainment venues, cultural attractions to entice young urban professionals back to cities for accessible nightlife and culture.  Urban Sprawl- The process of expansive suburban development over large areas spreading out from a city, in which the automobile provides the primary source of transportation.  World City- Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.

Sector and Nuclei Models i

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Hollywood, California

Miami, FL

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New York, NY

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