Cycle of Solar Activity

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Presentation transcript:

Cycle of Solar Activity The Sun Cycle of Solar Activity

The Sun sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov

Sun’s Energy Due to nuclear fusion Hydrogen atoms combine to form helium – this gives off energy (light and heat) Happens in the core www.harmsy.freeuk.com

Sun’s Atmosphere Inner Atmosphere: Photosphere Gives off visible light considered the sun’s surface What you see when you see the sun

Sun’s Atmosphere Middle Atmosphere: Chromosphere Reddish in color (color sphere) folk.uio.no

Sun’s Atmosphere Outer Atmosphere: Corona Can see during a total eclipse (means crown) www.scientificamerican.com

Sun’s Atmosphere Can not normally see outer two atmospheres because of the glare from the photosphere Only see during solar eclipses See chromosphere at beginning and end of eclipse and corona at total eclipse www.sciencedaily.com

Solar Wind Flow of electrical charged particles from the sun’s corona (can travel 900 km/sec!) When interact with atoms of gas in Earth’s atmosphere cause auroras apod.nasa.gov

Sunspots – areas of cooler gas on the sun

Sunspots "SOHO (ESA & NASA)"

Solar Prominence – loops of gas that connect sunspot regions

Erupting Prominence 2001

Eruptive Prominance 1999

Twisting Prominence 2000

Arching Prominence

Solar Flares – explosive releases of energy due to prominences connecting

Solar Flare http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/

Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) 2007

Another CME 2000

CME "SOHO (ESA & NASA)"

CME April 25, 2003

Why Sunspots are Darker Sunspots are areas of cooler gas – which give off less light – so look darker /www.oneminuteastronomer.com misterzwanch.com/NASA/sunspot.gif.bmp

Number of Sunspots Varies over a period of 10-11 years Hypothesis: cycle may influence short term climate changes on Earth (sun gives off different amount of energy) science.nasa.gov

Radiation Zone Middle layer of sun’s interior Has very tightly packed gas Energy transferred here through electromagnetic radiation. Energy takes 100,000 years to travel through here members.rediff.com

Convection Zone Outer layer of the sun’s interior Hot gas rises up, cools as it rises, and then sinks back down forming loops of gas These loops move energy towards the sun’s surface members.rediff.com

June 2, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 3, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 5, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 6, 1613 The Galileo Project http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 7, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 8, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 9, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 10, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 11, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 12, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 13, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

June 14, 1613 http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/

What did you notice in Galileo’s Drawings? The Solar Center Stanford University http://solar-center.stanford.edu/

Sunspot Movement from SOHO http://solar-center.stanford.edu/ "SOHO (ESA & NASA)" Solar Center Stanford University

Solar Center Stanford University The sun rotates! The sun rotates once every 27 days Different parts of the sun rotate at different speeds Solar Center Stanford University http://science.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/sunturn.htm

Sun pictures are from: sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ Gallery of Images

Works Cited Many images Courtesy of SOHO/[instrument] consortium. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/ The SOLAR Center at Stanford University http://solar-center.stanford.edu/ The Galileo Project at Rice University http://galileo.rice.edu/science.html/ NASA http://science.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/sunturn.htm

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