Daily Food for Thought 1 Why do animals have different breeds?

I CAN ASSESS SITUATIONS AND DETERMINE WHICH BREEDS WILL BEST FIT THE SITUATIONS. Learning Target

10/12/20143 Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass on their traits uniformly to their offspring.

10/12/20144 Beef Breeds What’s the difference between British breeds and continental breeds?

CHARACTERISTICS 1. DEVELOPED IN THE BRITISH ISLES 2.SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION IS BOS TAURUS 3.TEND TO BE SMALLER STATURE AND FINISH FASTER (FATTEN) British Breeds 10/12/20145

6 Origin: Aberdeen, Scotland Characteristics: Black, some have white bellies, polled* Smooth hair coat Medium frame size Heavy muscled –* Polled: born without horns (genetic trait)

10/12/20147 Origin: Herefordshire, England Characteristics: Light yellow to cherry red with white belly; thick, curly hair coat Medium frame size Medium muscled

10/12/20148 Origin: Northern England Characteristics: Color varies, mostly roan (red and white color) Medium to large frame size Medium muscle

CHARACTERISTICS 1. DEVELOPED IN EUROPEAN CONTINENT 2.SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION IS BOS TAURUS 3.TEND TO BE LARGER AND LEANER Continental Breeds 10/12/20149

10 Origin: South Central France Characteristics: Most commonly red; can be black with lighter eyes and belly Medium to large frame size, long body Heavy muscle

10/12/ Origin: Northwest France Characteristics: Deep red with white markings; most commonly solid black in color Large frame size Heavily muscled

Charolais Originated from France White in color Can be horned or polled Heavily muscled Considered a bull breed - because they add weight through muscle Heavy birth weights Late maturing – larger carcass weight

Simmental

Originated from Switzerland Can be either yellow/red with white or red with white patches In the US we tend to breed more for black and white by crossing with Angus Was originally dual purpose, now used mainly as a beef breed Larger mature size – increased input = increased output, greater feed efficiency Larger Carcass yield but also good milkers

Chianina

Originated in Italy (Chiana Valley-Tuscany) White to steel gray in color with black points (nose, hooves, switch) One of the oldest breeds - used as models for Roman sculpture Horned Extremely large frame Low milk production Terminal breed

CHARACTERISTICS 1. DEVELOPED IN ASIA AND INDIA 2.SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION IS BOS INDICUS 3.LARGER, LESS MUSCLE, DROOPY EARS, LOTS OF SKINS Zebu Breeds 10/12/201417

Brahman Originated from Bos indicus cattle (Zebu) from India Various colors, but greys and browns are predominant Characteristic hump over shoulder, large droopy ears, and lots of excess skin under neck and belly Bos Indicus breed of cattle (not Bos Taurus) Heat and parasite resistance (big advantage) Low birth weights and good mothering ability Undesirable carcass traits (big disadvantage)

Santa Gertrudis

Developed on the King Ranch in Texas,USA Cross of 5/8 Shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman Deep cherry red to reddish brown in color Can be horned or polled Long, droopy ears, lots of skin under neck and sheath Resistance to heat and parasites

Beefmaster

Developed in the USA 3 way cross between Hereford (1/4), Shorthorn (1/4), and Brahman (1/2) Selected for ability to grow well under range conditions (out in LARGE areas of land, means they must be able to grow well without additional feed and little extra care)

Longhorn

Originated in the Mexico/USA Generally multicolored Characteristic long horns Bred historically for meat and trail drive to market Now bred mainly as a hobby (roping cattle, for their horns) Poor meat quality High fertility

DESIGN YOUR OWN BEEF OPERATION AND SELECT TWO BREEDS TO CROSSBREED. EXPLAIN WHAT TRAITS EACH HAVE THAT MAKE THEM SUITABLE FOR YOUR OPERATION. BE SURE TO SAY WHERE IT IS LOCATED AND WHAT YOU WILL TARGET AS A MARKET. EXIT Slip 10/12/201425

Daily Food for Thought 26 What important contributions to human society have pigs given?

I CAN ASSESS SITUATIONS AND DETERMINE WHICH BREEDS WILL BEST FIT THE SITUATIONS. Learning Target

10/12/ Swine Breeds

Duroc Originated in the United States Solid red Drooped ears Slight dish to the face Excellent meat type hog

Hampshire Originated in the United States (Ky) Probably the oldest American breed Black with a white belt Small, erect ears Well-known meat breed

Chester White Originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania White with drooped ears Mothering breed Known to produce large litters

Yorkshire Originated in England White Large, erect ears Known as “The Mother Breed” Produces large litters

10/12/ Landrace Origin- Denmark Ears-Droopy Color-White Misc.- extremely long body

Berkshire Originated in England Black with white legs, snout and switch Once kept at Buckingham Palace Known for producing high quality meats Erect ears

Poland China Originated in Ohio from Berkshires Noted for ability to easily gain weight Quiet dispositions Black with white snouts, legs and switch Generally poor mothers Drooped ears

Spots Developed in Indiana Black and white spots Efficient feeders Noted for rapid weight gain

Hereford Originated in Missouri Developed from crossing Berkshires and Durocs Red with white face, legs and underline Medium-sized, drooping ear Long neck

Tamworth Originated in Ireland Red in color A noted bacon breed Deep-sided Well-arched back Erect ears Good mothers Very active

Pietrain A heavily muscled European breed, the Pietrain carried/carrys the STRESS gene, associated with high muscling, but susceptibility to PSE (pork quality) problems and stress susceptibility (leading to increased mortality).

Review Name the 3 white breeds and the differences between them Name the 2 breeds with black bodies and six white points and the differences between them. Name the 3 red breeds and the differences between them Name the 2 breeds that have spots and the differences between them

Swine Breed Quiz 1. What is the name of this breed? 10/12/201441

Swine Breed Quiz 2. What is the name of this breed? 10/12/201442

Swine Breed Quiz 3. What is the name of this breed? 10/12/201443

Swine Breed Quiz 4. What is the name of this breed? 10/12/201444

Swine Breed Quiz Originated in England Black with white legs, snout and switch Once kept at Buckingham Palace Known for producing high quality meats Erect ears 10/12/ What breed has the following traits?

10/12/ Sheep Breeds

Suffolk As the name could infer, it developed in England Legs & head are free of wool; & possess black hair Are long legged & muscular Has very regal appearance It is a large to very large breed of sheep Photo: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley University of Nevada-Reno

Hampshire Originated in England It has black hair on its legs & head, it has also black pigmentation of nose, mouth, & hooves The legs are free of wool below the knee/hock The face is free of wool, but wool is present on the forehead/poll A medium to large breed Photo: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley, University of Nevada-Reno

Southdown Originated in England It is all white; with grayish pigmentation of mouth, nose, & ears Is completely wool covered, from its nose to its hooves Adaptable & early maturing Small to medium size breed Photo: Sally Anne Thompson

Dorset Originated in Wales Out of season breeders They are all white Can be polled or horned Have wool on legs & head, except for face A thicker breed, with good muscle conformation; so has a desirable carcass It is a medium sized breed Photo: Unknown Source

Wool Breeds Fine Wool

Merino Finest wool breed in the world. Originated in Spain Merino wool is finely crimped and soft. Photo: Unknown Source

Rambouillet As the name indicates, the breed has roots in France Both sexes are horned, & they are very distinguished & regal in appearance Has loose skin from neck to breast/chest floor area It is a large breed of sheep Photo: Unknown Source

Wool Breeds Carpet Wool

Cotswold Originated in England (Hills of Gloucester) Has white face & legs Dark pigmentation of the nose, mouth, inside the ears, & on the hooves Fleece is carried in locks & is quite abundant from the foretop/poll A medium to large breed Photo: Unknown Source

Lincoln Originated in England It is all white; with dark pigmentation of the nose, mouth, & inside the ears The fleece is carried in very heavy locks & it is well wooled to knees/hocks It has a well pronounced foretop/poll of long wool It is often or commonly referred to as the world’s largest breed of sheep Photo: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley, University of Nevada-Reno

Other Breeds

Barbado Originated in Texas Tan, tan with pale belly, tan with black belly, or pied are most common color/color pattern Hair Sheep Due to distinctive horns, used as trophy animal on big game ranches Photo: Lynn Magedson

Tunis One of oldest breeds that is indigenous to the US Beige/creamy color wool Both sexes are polled, & the ears are rather large Adaptable & disease resistance Medium size, meat sheep Photo: Unknown Source

Exit Slip Develop a chart listing breed name, place of origin, use, characteristics.

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