CP Biology - Chapter 21 Paul VI Catholic High School KINGDOM FUNGI CP Biology - Chapter 21 Paul VI Catholic High School

FUNGI FUNGI ARE HETEROTROPHS FILAMENTOUS BODIES NUCLEAR EXCHANGE HYPHAE & MYCELIA NUCLEAR EXCHANGE

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FUNGI CELL WALLS OF CHITIN NUCLEAR MITOSIS EXTRACORPOREAL DIGESTION NUCLEAR ENVELOPE REMAINS INTACT MITOSIS OCCURS WITHIN THE SPINDLE (PLAQUES) EXTRACORPOREAL DIGESTION

FUNGI FAIRY RING: Reproductive structures of subterranean fungus

FUNGI FOUR MAIN GROUPS: ZYGOMYCETES (Common Molds) ASCOMYCETES (Sac Fungi) BASIDIOMYCETES (Club Fungi) DEUTEROMYCETES (Imperfect Fungi)

FUNGI ZYGOMYCETES (Common Molds) RHIZOPUS STOLONIFER HYPHAE: STOLONS RHIZOIDS SPORANGIOPHORES

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FUNGI REPRODUCTION: ASEXUAL Haploid Spores SEXUAL GAMETANGIA PLASMOGAMY KARYOGAMY

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FUNGI ZYGOMYCETE: Pilobolus

FUNGI Rhizopus decomposing strawberries

FUNGI ASCOMYCETES: (Sac Fungi) Truffles & Morels Conidia forms asexual spores Ascus contains spores from sexual reproduction Ascocarp: “Fruiting Body”

FUNGI ASCOMYCETE: Scarlet Cup Fungus

FUNGI Truffles

FUNGI MOREL

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FUNGI ERGOT: Active ingredient in LSD

FUNGI BASIDIOMYCETES: (Club Fungi) Basidium (lat.) “Pedestal” Toadstools, Mushrooms, Puffballs Basidiocarp is “Fruiting Body” Gills contain the spores Some varieties poisonous

FUNGI Varieties of Basidiomycetes

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FUNGI Poisonous varieties Basidiomycetes

FUNGI AMANITA PHALLOIDES “Death Angel”

FUNGI AMANITA PHALLOIDES Small ingestion sufficient for death RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Onset 6-12 Hrs.- Duration 5-7 Days Death from Kidney, Liver Failure No Treatment; No Antagonist

FUNGI AMANITA MUSCARINA Muscarinic Effects Pinpoint Pupils Excessive sweating, salivating Low Blood Pressure Nausea, Vomiting Lower Heart Rate Atropine Antagonist

FUNGI Amanita muscarina

FUNGI DEUTEROMYCETES: (Imperfect Fungi) “Imperfectly Understood” Beneficial & Harmful Varieties Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Aspergilla Cutaneous Diseases Penicillium notatum

FUNGI Cutaneous Lesions of Deuteromycetes

FUNGI Sir Alexander Fleming Penicillium notatum

SYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS FUNGI SYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS LICHENS Combination of Fungus Usually Ascomycete Occasionally Basidiomycete and either: Photosynthetic bacterium Green Algae

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FUNGUS LICHENS (cont’d): “Pioneer Colonies” Pigment used for dyes Litmus Paper Indicator of Air Quality

SYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS FUNGI SYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS MYCORRHIZAE: Mutualistic association plant & fungi Found in over 90% vascular plants Enhance nutrient availability to plant Receive glucose from plant

SYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS FUNGI SYMBIOTIC FUNGAL ORGANISMS MYCORRHIZAE: ENDOMYCORRHIZAE: Usually Zygomycete Fungus enters into plant cell ECTOMYCORRHIZAE: Usually Basidiomycete Fungus does NOT enter plant cell

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