 Watch the video clip and identify which way of knowing it most closely relates to?  A) Sense-Perception  B) Language  C) Emotion  D) Reason TOK Introduction 1

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1. What emotion(s) did this video elicit in you? 2. Is the person acting or is this real? TOK Introduction 3

4 Lesson 1: Is emotion all in the mind? 1. List all the emotions you can think of: Emotions: ………….

5 love hate fear anger embarrassment shame Mr. B’s list sadness epiphany ? jealousy frustration, confusion amazement, wonder appalled

TOK Introduction 6 Which 6 are the most prominent within your life?

TOK Introduction 7 Happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust (Van de Lagemat p. 147) Pleasure, anger, sorrow, joy, love, hate, desire (Korean Philos T’oegye, Alchin p. 294) Fondness, dislike, delight, anger, sadness, joy (Chinese Philos Tzu, Alchin p. 294) Compare with these lists:

 Cross cultural studies have shown that people in different cultures tend to place different importance on different emotions TOK Introduction 8

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 The Western philosophical tradition has not been very kind to the emotions.  The emphasis has been on the ability of emotions to disrupt rational thinking (and so constitute an obstacle to knowledge.)  Please think of a personal example that illustrates this knowledge claim. TOK Introduction 10

 Recently, when there has been an upsurge of support for the idea that emotions can have cognitive content (they can tell us about how the world is)  In the early eighties, philosophers started writing about the role of emotions in telling us important things about our social experience.  Your anger that you are treated a certain way might be telling you something, namely, it's unjust to be treated this way. TOK Introduction 11

 Please give an example where your anger was a rational response to the treatment you are receiving. TOK Introduction 12

 In cases like this, emotions can be a crucial cognitive resource for social and ethical change. TOK Introduction 13

 Emotions (or the self system) drive almost everything we do. Antonio Damasio (2005), a University of Iowa neurologist, believes that emotions are the key element in decision making and learning, and central to the process of rational thought. TOK Introduction 14

 When patients of his have lost the regions of their brain (such as through the removal of a tumor) that allow them to experience emotions, their decision making ability goes completely haywire. Their intelligence can be working perfectly, but without emotions to guide one's intelligence, logical decisions cannot be made. TOK Introduction 15

 Think of it this way, if you made a bad investment, then you feel bad about it. The next time something similar comes up, you will think about it more carefully, gather more information, build your knowledge base, etc. This in turn should allow you to make a better decision.  We are creatures of emotions—they drive us. We are lost without emotions to guide our reasoning. TOK Introduction 16

 ARE WOMEN MORE EMOTIONAL THAN MEN? TOK Introduction 17

 The question, in any case, concerns a possible difference between the amount or intensity of emotions in the lives of most women lives versus the lives of most men. TOK Introduction 18

 It is hard to design a study that would settle your question since it is not clear how best to measure the presence of an emotion (self- report? bodily changes? facial expression?)  It is not easy to create situations that have the same significance for many different people (what is worrisome to one person may be merely curious to another, or what is amusing to one person may be tedious to another). TOK Introduction 19

 Scientific and technological training (for surgery, for example) often requires people to disengage from their emotions, and women are less likely to undergo such training.  But is this a biological difference? Or do we teach boys to disengage from their emotions while we teach girls to connect to their emotions? TOK Introduction 20