Quiz When toilet training, it’s important to stay _______ and ___________. Children can drown in as little as ____ inch of water. What are sphincter muscles? __________ experiences during the day can cause children to feel insecure at night. You should introduce new foods to children every 3 days. TRUE or FALSE What would be a good shape of food for a child to be served? Children start dressing themselves at 5 years of age. At what age to little kids learn how to eat with a fork and feed themselves? What are 2 out of the 3 most important characteristics in choosing children’s clothing?

Answers Calm and encouraging 1 inch The muscles that control elimination Emotional FALSE – 4 days Star FALSE Two years of age Clothing should be: Comfortable Durable Economic

Emotional Development From 1 – 3

Emotional Patterns Emotional development tends to go in cycles. Periods of Negativism, Rebellion, Happiness, Calm and Stability *Remember* Every child is an individual and may or may not Go through the same stages at the same time

18 Months SELF-CENTERED Begin to learn that not all needs will be met immediately (or ever) Love the word “No” Negativism

NEGATIVISM Doing the opposite of what others want. Why do toddlers do this? Want to be independent and do things their way. Frustration Realize they are their own person

WHAT DO YOU DO ABOUT IT? POSITIVE GUIDANCE Give choices Redirect the child Encourage talking

TEMPER TANTRUMS Releasing anger or frustration by screaming, crying, kicking, pounding, and sometimes holding his or her breath. May occur until age 3 or 4 What can you do when an child throws a tantrum?

REMAIN CALM!!! Ignore the tantrum if it’s occurring in the home and the child can’t hurt himself If in public move the child to a quiet spot to cool down or take the child home.

CASE STUDY #1 Renee was shopping in the supermarket with her father. When her father said he would not buy some candy she wanted, Renee began to have a tantrum. Her father then put the candy in the shopping cart. What problems might this action cause?

2 years old More in control of emotions Fewer outbursts that are less intense Can express love and affection Seeks approval and praise Less self-centered

JUST WHEN YOU THINK YOU ARE SAFE ….

TERRIBLE TWOS!!!!

2 and one-half years old Child enters another difficult stage May seem MORE difficult than 18 months Feel overwhelmed Desires exceed physical abilities FRUSTRATION!!!

2 and one-half years old Need consistency!! Same routine, same way, every day Helps them cope and feel secure

DRIVE FOR INDEPENDENCE Resists pressure to conform Sensitive about being “bossed around” Stubborn, demanding, domineering Fast changing moods Alternates with dependency REMEMBER LOVE AND PATIENCE!!!!

3 years old Sunny and cooperative More physically capable and less frustrated CRAVE praise and affection so modify behavior to win it from others Like to talk

3 and one-half years old Insecure Fears are common May be scared of things that were not scary before May start thumb sucking, nail biting, stuttering, or nose picking to relieve tension

SPECIFIC EMOTIONS Anger Three year olds less likely to kick or hit May name call, pout or scold Aim anger at a person or object Usually temporary due to sickness, hunger, frustration, tiredness, etc. Respond in a controlled way.

Biting and Hitting Can be a serious situation Tell child this is inappropriate and physical attacks hurt others DO NOT TRY TO DO THIS MID-TANTRUM Provide a safe substitute like a cloth to bite on or a pillow to hit

SPECIFIC EMOTIONS Fear One year: high places, strangers, loud noises Three years: the dark, animals, storms Some fears are useful Can sometimes be triggered by parent

Dealing with Fears Offer support Encourage talk and listen seriously Accept fear and avoid child forcing to confront it. It will go away on it’s own Read books about children who experience fear

Dealing with Fears Make unfamiliar situations more secure. Discuss new experiences and events in advance Teach the child how to control the situation

SEPARATION ANXIETY Fear of being away from parents, family caregivers and the normal environment. How can you deal with separation anxiety? Spend time with child before leaving Explain you will be back Say good-bye and leave quickly

SPECIFIC EMOTIONS Jealousy Peaks at age 3 May be jealous of parents showing affection to each other

SIBLING RIVALRY Competition between brothers or sisters for parents’ affection and attention Comes with birth of new baby May show off, misbehave or revert to baby-like behaviors to get attention

What to do? Make sure each child knows they are loved and appreciated Set aside time with each child individually Avoid making comparing comments Do not accept tattling

SPECIFIC EMOTIONS Love and affection Young children must learn to love Comes first for those satisfying physical needs. Then includes siblings, pets, and other people outside the home. Keep relationships strong but not smothering

SPECIFIC EMOTIONS Empathy Ability to put oneself in another’s place Although self-centered begin to understand their actions can hurt others between 12-18 months Teach children to apologize and take steps to make the wronged person feel better

REMEMBER: Every child is different Temperament also must be taken into account.

Positive Self Concept Self-concept: How one see’s oneself Child forms this in response to actions, attitudes and comments of others Parents have the strongest influence on self-concept Children believe what they hear

Develop a Positive Self-Concept Tell the child they are good Give children chance to explore and practice skills Do not praise child and then correct what they have done

Social Development From 1 - 3

General Social Patterns SOCIALIZATION: Process of learning to get along with other people

18 months Closest relationships are with family members Parallel play Play independently near, but not actually with, another child.

2 years old Excellent at understanding and interacting with her main caregiver Like to please others

2 and one-half years old May refuse to do things for one person but not for another Can respond to the idea of fairness

3 years old People are important Share, help, do things another person’s way just to please Cooperative play Actually playing with another child Parents no longer “all-powerful”

3 and one-half years old More complex play More conversation Disagreements with playmates occur less Must learn to share Compare themselves to other children

MAKING FRIENDS Important to normal social development Helps learn give-and-take of socializing If unable or unwilling to make friends, try to find the cause Those who are only with adults may have difficulty interacting with peers

IMAGINARY FRIENDS Some have the same friend for a long period—several months to a year Can start as early as age 2 Can help child experiment with different feelings Usually fade away

GUIDING TODDLERS Be clear and specific Limit the instructions Use positive words Avoid Don’t Keep it simple Be firm

Promoting Sharing Lead children to activities in which they need to share or take turns Limit materials so sharing is required Use children to pass out food or materials so they have opportunity to share Make clear what you are encouraging

In the case of a “special” toy In the case of a “special” toy. It may be easier to put this toy away during play dates.

Encouraging Independence Self-Feeding Self-Dressing Grooming Skills Helping Others

Assignment: Article Reviews Search through the “Today’s Parent” magazines for 2 articles on the topics we covered in Social and Emotional Development. Look for articles that cover the topic of:

Article Review General Emotional Patterns Negativism Desire for independence Frustration Positive Guidance Handling Temper Tantrums Anger Biting and Hitting Fear Jealousy (Sibling Rivalry) Love and Affection Empathy Developing a Positive Self-Concept Socialization Parallel Play Cooperative Play Patterns of talking Making Friends Imaginary Friends Guiding Toddlers Toddler’s Behavior Promoting Sharing

Assignment These articles should all be referring to Toddlers or Preschoolers. Read and fill-out the one review worksheet per article read. You only have till the end of class today to get as much done as you can. If you do not finish completely by the end of the class then hand in what you have finished.

Assignment: You have been given an occupation. You must make 1 power point slide (no title pages just 1 slide) about the occupation.

Content Title of occupation. Job description and responsibilities Work environment and hours Who is suited to this job What schooling is required

Send this to me by 3:15 today at the latest!!! I will check my email to make sure I got it and then compile it into a large group presentation for the whole class. I will present this to the class so make sure I will be able to understand what you are trying to say.

When you are finished … Go to my website and complete any work you haven’t finished. If you’ve forgotten I can email you your missing assignment list. Any questions? Go to it!