Unit IV: Politics in the Early Republic I. Presidency of George Washington II. Rise of Political Parties III. Presidency of John Adams IV. Presidency of Thomas Jefferson

Key Vocabulary Inauguration- formal ceremony to mark the beginning of something, such as a presidents term of office Inauguration- formal ceremony to mark the beginning of something, such as a presidents term of office Excise tax- tax on the production or sale of a product Excise tax- tax on the production or sale of a product

I. George Washington: A. Washington Takes Office 1. Electoral College unanimously elected Washington as Pres. 2. Formal title: Mr. President 2. Formal title: Mr. President

B. While he was president… 1. Congress approved 3 departments (later became the cabinet): a. Dept. of State- relations w/other nations (Jefferson) b. Dept. of War- to defend the nation (Hamilton) c. Treasury Dept.-nations finances (Knox)

2. Whiskey Rebellion a. To raise money the treasury congress passed an excise tax on whiskey. b. Western farmers protested & refused to pay. c. Wash. led 13,000 troops to squash the rebellion. d. Jefferson saw sending of troops as an overreaction & violation of citizens rights e. Hamilton & Washington saw rebellion as a threat to authority of national gov.

3. French Revolution ( ) a. Overthrowing of the French monarchy & elite by the people b. Partly influenced by the American Revolution "Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death!"

C. Washington & Foreign Policy 1. Problems with France a. During the Amer. Rev. the U.S established an alliance with France (promise to aid France in times of war) b. In 1793, French asked for help to fight the British c. Because the U.S was not ready for war, Wash. declared a policy of neutrality (U.S would not choose sides) d. Before leaving office Wash. declared a policy of isolationism (avoiding alliances with other nations)

2. Citizen Genet disrespects the President a. He was a French Representative to U.S b. He gave speeches to Amer. public against kings & elite c. Insulted Washington because of neutrality policy

3. The Jay Treaty a. Great Britain refused to leave Ohio River Valley b. Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to negotiate c. French were offended and began attacking & seizing American ships going to Great Britain

D. Washingtons Farewell Address 1. He was worried about the division that was forming between republicans & federalists 2. Kentucky, Tennessee, & Vermont were added to the Union 3. He left the nation united & at peace.

II. Political Parties Rise (Federalist Party vs. Democratic- Republican Party)

rely on agriculture (farmers). rely on agriculture (farmers). No national bank b/c it did not support farmers. It only lent money to businesses (unconstitutional) No national bank b/c it did not support farmers. It only lent money to businesses (unconstitutional) wanted govt to promote business, manufacturing, & trade. wanted govt to promote business, manufacturing, & trade. pay off war debts quickly pay off war debts quickly national bank to help govt to collect taxes & make loans to jumpstart the economy national bank to help govt to collect taxes & make loans to jumpstart the economy Ideal Economy Most men had good sense Most men had good sense Informed citizens could make good decisions Informed citizens could make good decisions Believed ppl were selfish Believed ppl were selfish Common man could not be trusted w/power Common man could not be trusted w/power Ideas on Human Nature Wealthy tobacco planter from Virginia Wealthy tobacco planter from Virginia Secretary of State under Wash. Secretary of State under Wash. From West Indies From West Indies Involved in NY politics, & went to Constit. Conv. Involved in NY politics, & went to Constit. Conv. Loyalty was with the nation not the states Loyalty was with the nation not the states Personal BackgroundRepublicans (Jefferson & Madison) Federalists (Hamilton & Adams)

Regretted the bloodshed in Fren. Rev. but respected the fight for freedom Regretted the bloodshed in Fren. Rev. but respected the fight for freedom Believed the Fre. Revol. Was too bloody Believed the Fre. Revol. Was too bloody Sided with the British b/c they were strong & well respected Sided with the British b/c they were strong & well respected Relations w/ Britain & FranceRepublicans (Jefferson & Madison) Federalists (Hamilton & Adams)

Felt the laws limited their votes Felt the laws limited their votes Used the law to keep immig. from voting for republicans Used the law to keep immig. from voting for republicans View on Alien Acts Felt it violated their freedom of speech & press Felt it violated their freedom of speech & press Protected the govt from people who might rebel Protected the govt from people who might rebel View on Sedition Acts Supported the French b/c they were fighting for their freedom Supported the French b/c they were fighting for their freedom Worried about French murdering the upper-class. Worried about French murdering the upper-class. stay neutral stay neutral Response to French Rev. Overreaction, unnecessary Overreaction, unnecessary Hamilton convinced G.W to send troops to stop the rebels (show govt power) Hamilton convinced G.W to send troops to stop the rebels (show govt power) Response to Whisky Rebellion Democracy Democracy States should have more power States should have more power Strict interpr. of constitu. Strict interpr. of constitu. Upper-class should control the govt Upper-class should control the govt Strong National govt Strong National govt Lose interpr. of Const. Lose interpr. of Const. Ideas about Govt Republicans (Jefferson & Madison) Federalists (Hamilton & Adams)

Key Vocabulary Impressment- was the act of compelling men to serve in a navy by force and without notice Impressment- was the act of compelling men to serve in a navy by force and without notice Embargo- a government order that prevents products from entering or leaving a country Embargo- a government order that prevents products from entering or leaving a country Piracy-robbery or illegal violence at sea. Piracy-robbery or illegal violence at sea.

Diplomacy- the art of conducting negotiations with other countries. (ppl who do this are called diplomats) Diplomacy- the art of conducting negotiations with other countries. (ppl who do this are called diplomats) Doctrine- a statement of official government policy Doctrine- a statement of official government policy Foreign Policy- guidelines for how a country handles political and economic interactions with other countries Foreign Policy- guidelines for how a country handles political and economic interactions with other countries