Can you guess what this is? Covers 10% of the land in the world Crystals can be as large as baseballs Have shelves that are over 80 km long 90% of it is below water. Is blue! Stores 75% of the fresh water in the world. Makes up our present day soils.

Covers 10% of the land in the world Presently 10% of all land is covered by glaciers. Crystals can be as large as baseballs Glacier ice crystals can be this size!!

Have shelves that are over 80 km long Antartica’s glaciers have calve ice shelves that may be over 80 km long.

90% of it is below water. 90% of the iceberg is below water—what you see is only 10% above the water!!

Is Blue!!! Glacial ice is white when there are many air bubbles, but ice is extremely compacted and dense, ice is blue. Stores 75% of the fresh water in the world. 75% of the freshwater is frozen in the glaciers and is unavailable for our use.

Environmental Science GLACIATION Environmental Science

Earth’s Glaciers

Glaciers Cover 10% of Earth’s surface. Majority of glacial ice is tied up in Anarctica and Greenland. Also found in sub-polar and polar coastline mountain ranges in the world.

Glacial Formation Glacier: an accumulation of snow that lasts for more than one year. As snow accumulates, compresses layers below to form ice—takes thousands of years.

Glacial Formation Glaciers appear blue b/c they are so thick. Glacial Bay Glacier

Schwarze Schneid mountain at the Soelden glacier.

Largest Glacier in world http://science.howstuffworks.com/glacier.htm#

Glaciers and Latitude

Glaciers in North America Glaciers made most of the landforms we have in Illinois incl: Glacial lakes Kettle lakes Till Moraines

Glaciers began in northern Canada

Glacial Formation http://maps.howstuffworks.com/maps-of-greenland.htm How the Great Lakes were formed: http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/greatlakeskids/GreatLakesMovie5.html

Northern Illinois glaciers

Illinois Landscape Current landscape shaped by: -Ice sheet was 1 mile thick -Occurred 25,000-14,000 ya -Ice (Laurentide period) covered much of Canada and northern US -Formed Lake Michigan

Landforms created by glaciers from Canada Continental glaciers Invaded IL repeatedly during the Ice Age. Ice Age lasted 2.4 Mya to 10,000 ya.

Geologists believe that this what northern IL looked like

Ice Sheet Ice Sheet invasion From Canada flowed into NE Illinois and Lake Michigan.

Glaciation Climate and temperatures different during IL Ice Ages Temperature at or near freezing Precipitation in form of snow Mastodons and Woolly Mammoths roamed the region.

Moraines Low rises of land caused By the invading and Retreating ice during Ice Ages.

Moraine Formation

Moraine animation

Till Unsorted mixture of soil and debris form till (heavy sand & gravel outwash)

Kettle Lakes Kettle lakes form when a block of buried ice left by the retreating glacier melts and forms a hole, sometimes quite deep.

Before Kettle Lake formed Kettle lake to form here

Kettle lake forms

Bull Frog Lake is a kettle lake near Cook County Forest Preserve

Kames are: Cone-shaped hills in areas of ground moraine. When the ice melts, the sediment filling these depressions is let down onto the land surface.

Eskers are: elongated s-shaped or ridges in areas of ground moraine. When the glacier melts, the deposits that fill the tunnels are let down onto the surface as ridges.

Eskers & Kames