Postgraduate Training in Medicine Dr. Orhan ALİMOĞLU İstanbul Medeniyet University

Postgraduate Medical Training Postgraduate medical training is a work-based education where learning and teaching takes place in a clinical context. On the one hand, the young doctor (trainee) is under education, and on the other hand, he/she is a member of the staff in the clinical department. The clinical departments face the challenge of creating an educational environment that is supportive and learning-oriented, and at the same time meeting the demands from society to deliver efficient clinical services and research. Malling et al. BMC Medical Education 2010, 10:62

Postgraduate Medical Training A common feature in medical training is the need for supervision and feedback among trainees and for being engaged in the responsibility for patients. Furthermore, trainees need to be appreciated and valued as team members. The challenge is to find a proper balance between involving trainees in patient treatment, and at the same time ensure patient safety and meet demands for a high production. Malling et al. BMC Medical Education 2010, 10:62

Postgraduate Medical Training However, the concept “educational climate” has been used indiscriminately with culture, environment or learning context. Nevertheless, all of these concepts include the same elements: atmosphere, the connection and personal relation with colleagues, openness to questions, appropriateness of supervision and feedback, working conditions and organisation of the work. Malling et al. BMC Medical Education 2010, 10:62

Postgraduate Medical Training The educational climate may differ considerably across clinical departments. In order to be able to change the educational climate, it is relevant to find out who contributes to this climate and to the specific ways of behavior and “living” in the clinical departments. Malling et al. BMC Medical Education 2010, 10:62

Postgraduate Medical Training Although all employees take part in developing the culture in a department, the leaders are in a position to deliberately influence the culture. Leaders can influence the educational climate by prioritising and attending a variety of activities in the department, and by role-modelling. Malling et al. BMC Medical Education 2010, 10:62

Current Auxiliary Tools for Medical Education

Continuing Proficiency in Highest Levels Possible Scientific knowledge and technical skills should continuously be; Updated, Developed, Specific information and techniques presented in different formats by the specialists of the subjects must be learnt and integrated with the individuals’ own practice.

Web Sources Multimedia (Video) E-books Evidence-based medical data Medical practice guidelines Journal database Literature databese Citation inquiry

Multimedia-Video Access Medicine (McGraw Hill) http://www.accessmedicine.com/audioVideo.aspx

2. E-books Access Medicine (McGraw Hill) MD Consult http://www.accessmedicine.com/textbooks.aspx MD Consult http://www.mdconsult.com

3. Evidence-based medical data Access Medicine (McGraw Hill) http://www.accessmedicine.com/diag.aspx BMJ Best Practice http://bestpractice.bmj.com, Cochrane Library http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Up To Date http://www.uptodate.com/online

4. Medical practice guidelines Access Medicine (McGraw Hill) http://www.accessmedicine.com/guidelines.aspx National Guideline Clearinghouse http://guidelines.gov/ National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines http://www.nccn.org/professionals/default.aspx

5. Journal database Science Direct Springer Ovid Karger http://www.sciencedirect.com Springer http://www.springer.com Ovid http://gateway.ovid.com/autologin.html Karger http://www.karger.com Wiley Interscience – Blackwell Synergy http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com EBSCOHOST http://search.ebscohost.com BMJ Journals http://group.bmj.com/group/media/bmj-journals-information-centre

6. Literature database Medline (Index Medicus) http://www.pubmed.com http://www.medscape.com http://www.mdconsult.com http://bestpractice.bmj.com

7. Citation inquiry Web of Science Google Scholar http://isiknowledge.com/ Google Scholar http://scholar.google.com.tr/

Harite üzerinde katılan Üniversiteler Medical Scientific Publications (All times) TURKEY 145507 Harite üzerinde katılan Üniversiteler TUNISIA 11819 LEBANON 13653 IRAQ 7662 PALESTINE 1246 ALGERIA 3755 JORDAN 21959 BAHRAIN 1177 LIBYA 1628 EGYPT 40764 QATAR 2151 UAE 4230 SUDAN 7680 YEMEN 1635 SOMALIA 1496

Academic Partnerships Education, and Research The Role of Collaborative Academic Partnerships in Medical Training, Education, and Research

Examples of Collaboration 1) University of California San Francisco (UCSF) - Bellagio Essential Surgery Group; 2) USCF - Makerere University, Uganda; 3) Vanderbilt - Baptist Medical Center, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 4) Vanderbilt - Kijabe Hospital, Kenya; 5) University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children - Ministry of Health in Botswana; 6) Harvard (Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Children’s Hospital Boston) - Partners in Health in Haiti and Rwanda. Riviello R, Ozgediz D, Hsia RY, Azzie G, Newton M, Tarpley J. Role of Collaborative Academic Partnerships in Surgical Training, Education, and Provision. World J Surg (2010) 34:459–465

Collaboration The term “academic partnerships” describes a variable set of experiences among a number of different institutions. Rotation between different clinics Exchange among trainers / counselors Residency programs Inspiring the medical students and residents for education & research The transfer of clinical experiences Seminars Strengthening the determination for education, research, and service Development of educational resources, and establishment of additional funds for education Riviello R, Ozgediz D, Hsia RY, Azzie G, Newton M, Tarpley J. Role of Collaborative Academic Partnerships in Surgical Training, Education, and Provision. World J Surg (2010) 34:459–465

Collaboration The development of a curriculum for the principles of medical sciences to increase knowledge and skills To establish an environment of common confidence and respect To establish common learning goals To establish cooperation for researches To distribute administrative functions according to local requirements Multidisciplinary approach Riviello R, Ozgediz D, Hsia RY, Azzie G, Newton M, Tarpley J. Role of Collaborative Academic Partnerships in Surgical Training, Education, and Provision. World J Surg (2010) 34:459–465

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION EXAMPLE FOR CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION TÜRKİYE – YEMEN

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) YEMEN Bilateral Agreements for Medical Fellowship Program University of Science and Technology Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen İstanbul Medeniyet University Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital Baltalimanı Osteopathic Hospital Bezmialem Vakıf University

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) YEMEN Medical Fellowship Program is successfully continued, and 15 Yemeni Doctors have attended the 2-months-fellowship program in Istanbul since 2012: Cardiology General Surgery Pediatrics Urology Hospital Management

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) YEMEN We organized 5 Academic Congresses with international participants. 1st Turkish-Yemeni Surgical Congress, 2012, Sana’a, 7 Professors 1st Turkish-Yemeni Cardiovascular Surgery Congress, 2012, Sana’a, 14 Professors 1st Turkish-Yemeni Dental Congress, 2012, Sana a, 6 Professsors 1st Turkish-Yemeni Emergency Medicine Congress, 2013, Sana’a, 14 Professors 1st Trauma & Rescusitation Course, 2013, Sana’a, 6 Professors

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) YEMEN

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) YEMEN

CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION (CME) YEMEN

POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL TRAINING EXAMPLE FOR POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL TRAINING TÜRKİYE – SOMALIA

POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION SOMALIA Bilateral Agreements for Medical Trainings: The largest university Hospital in Somalia, Benadir University Hospital İstanbul Medeniyet University These agreements include: Trainings for Doctors, Nurses, Health Workers Post-Graduate Medical Education

POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION SOMALIA Post-Graduate Medical Education in Somalia We initiated the only “Post-Graduate Medical Education” program in Somalia with the support of Benadir University and İstanbul Medeniyet University. Somalia’s ONLY Post-Graduate program has started in two majors: General Surgery Emergency and Trauma Surgery

POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION SOMALIA Post-Graduate Medical Education in Somalia The program includes various academic lectures and residency periods in Benadir University Hospital, and in Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training & Research Hospital. First year, 10 selected by exam, Second year 2, totally 12 Somalian doctors has enrolled into the program. Two months in Istanbul each year.

POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION SOMALIA

POST-GRADUATE EDUCATION SOMALIA

FURTHER EDUCATION PROJECTS Postgraduate Training Continuing Medical Education MoU Between Universities and Hospitals Long Distance Training (TELE-MEDICINE) Training for Other Health Workers Congresses

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