Catalyst – August 27-4, 2011 HW OUT PLEASE! Daneel is a college chemistry student. His professor told him to research the fuel efficiency (miles per gallon) of various types of gasoline in various types of cars. 1. What is one question Daneel might want to answer by doing research on this topic? 2. Briefly, describe a method/procedure that Daneel could use to learn something about the fuel efficiency of various gasoline in various cars.

Catalyst – January 3(6), 2012 WAY BACK WEDNESDAY!!! 1. Which is more specific: a genus or a species? 2. Fill in the blanks using the following words: GENES, ENERGY, EVOLUTION, CELLS. You can just write the correct word. A.____________ are the basic unit of life B.New species and inherited traits are the product of __________________ C.__________________ are the basic unit of heredity D.Living organisms consume and transform _____________________

Catalyst – January 3(6), 2012 WAY BACK WEDNESDAY!!! 1. Which is more specific: a genus or a species? 2. Fill in the blanks using the following words: GENES, ENERGY, EVOLUTION, CELLS. You can just write the correct word. A.__________________ are the basic unit of life B.New species and inherited traits are the product of __________________ C.__________________ are the basic unit of heredity D.Living organisms consume and transform _____________________ CELLS EVOLUTION GENES ENERGY

Todays Agenda Catalyst Review Scientific Method Variables Notes and Practice Time I-N-D-E-P-E-N-D-E-N-T! DEPENDENT CONSTANTS Exit Question HW: IV, DV, Constants Worksheet

Todays Agenda Ms. Stroh is leaving early! Catalyst Review Scientific Method Variables Notes I-N-D-E-P-E-N-D-E-N-T! DEPENDENT CONSTANTS SUB WORK (2 nd Half of Class) Complete both worksheets; leave in folder

Front DoorProjector 5 th Period Group 3 Amber, Blake, Brannesha, Myra Group 2 Sharika, Roxy, Aerial, Angel Group 1 Chalsey, Titus, Antoineka Group 6 Ovile, Kevin, Molly, Champagne Group 4 Keiara, Boris, Nasheema, Myjiel (lab table) Group 9 Larriane, Myderika, Jerome Group 8 Jesus, LaNell, Taylor, Erica Group 7 Katherine, Antione, Jornell Group 5 Alesia, Ashley, Torien, Chyna

FYI (For Your Information) Quiz 1.1 has been pushed back to Tuesday, 1/24 Unit 1 Test has been pushed back to Tuesday, 1/31

Summary of Yesterday An experimental question must be specific and testable A hypothesis must be a statement that answers the question and gives a supporting reason An experiment is the method to test the hypothesis and see if it was correct or incorrect

Yesterdays Exit Question You observe that students in Ms. Strohs class get higher grades on their tests than the students in Ms. Blairs class. 1. Write a question about this situation? 2. Write a testable hypothesis to answer your question.

Piggies! 1. Specific problem? 2. Info needed? 3. Hypothesis?

Last Nights Homework 1. Overall purpose of the article? 2. Hypothesis to explain why squirrels hibernate 3. Hypothesis to explain why squirrels call New Info: check out the handout

Todays Objectives SWBAT identify and distinguish between independent variables, dependent variables, and constants in a scientific experiment.

NOTES: VARIABLES

Experimentation Key Point #1: A proper experiment always has an independent variable and dependent variable. The purpose of an experiment is to test how changing ONE THING affects something else Variable: a quantity or condition that can have more than one value; variable means change!

Variables Independent Variable: variable that you change during an experiment; causes the change you are measuring; aka manipulated variable (acts independently) Dependent Variable: variable that is observed; changes in response to change in IV; aka responding variable (depends on other things)

Variables Continued Remember!!!! Variables are always CATEGORIES of things: time, amount, frequency, size, type Variables are NEVER specific things

Demo videos/dsc/externalApplications/ virtual_labs-es/Plants/index.html videos/dsc/externalApplications/ virtual_labs-es/Plants/index.html

Teacher Models Scientists have discovered something shocking: if you eat a lot of hamburgers, then you will gain fat. What is the independent variable? A. Eat a lot of hamburgers B. Type of hamburger you eat (McDonalds, Wendys, Burger King, etc.) C. Amount of hamburgers you eat D. How much weight you gain

Teacher Models Well-rested students learn more in school. So, Ms. Stroh believes that starting school later would increase test scores. What is the dependent variable? A. Starting school later B. Well-rested students C. Time that school starts D. Test scores

NEW PROCEDURE! WHITEBOARDS!

Whiteboard Practice When Ms. Stroh says GO! Send one member of your group to get whiteboards, erasers, and markers for everyone (back lab bench) Hurry! Remember, we want to stay under 3 minutes of transition time!

Whiteboards 1 Ms. Stroh believes that the more you study, the better grades youll earn. What is the independent variable? A. Studying more B. Amount of time you study C. Grade earned D. Type of test

Whiteboards 2 Shanel is always cold in class. She hypothesizes that if she wears many layers of clothing to school, then she will be warmer. What is the dependent variable? A. Number of layers Shanel wears B. How warm Shanel is C. Temperature of the room D. Shanel will be warmer

Whiteboards 3 Ms. Strohs students want to test how easily bought off she is. Students who give her an apple get a C. Students who give her candy get an A. What is the independent variable? A. Type of food given to Ms. Stroh B. Apples and candy C. A on the report card D. Report card

Whiteboards 4 Tashica hates cooking, but loves listening to music. She believes that if she listens to music while cooking, then she will cook more often. What is the dependent variable? A. She will cook more often B. Listens to music while cooking C. Frequency that Tashica cooks D. What Tashica listens to

If youre having trouble… 4 minutes 26 mg of baking soda Lifting weights every day Medium t-shirts Bullfrog 16 candles Never gets sick Time to get dressed Amount of baking soda Frequency of lifting weights Size of t-shirts Type of frog Number of candles Degree of health WRONGRIGHT

Review Ms. Stroh believes that the more you study, the better grades youll earn. What is the independent variable? A. Studying more B. Amount of time you study C. Grade earned D. Type of test

Review Shanel is always cold in class. She hypothesizes that if she wears many layers of clothing to school, then she will be warmer. What is the dependent variable? A. Number of layers Shanel wears B. How warm Shanel is C. Temperature of the room D. Shanel will be warmer

Review Ms. Strohs students want to test how easily bought off she is. Students who give her an apple get a C. Students who give her candy get an A. What is the independent variable? A. Type of food given to Ms. Stroh B. Apples and candy C. A on the report card D. Report card

Review Tashica hates cooking, but loves listening to music. She believes that if she listens to music while cooking, then she will cook more often. What is the dependent variable? A. She will cook more often B. Listens to music while cooking C. Frequency that Tashica cooks D. What Tashica listens to

Guided Practice Worksheet 10 minutes to complete 3 minutes to compare answers KEEP THIS to help you with homework tonight

Constants Key Point #2: Everything but the independent and dependent variable must be kept constant. Constants: other experimental factors (potential variables) that stay the same throughout experiment If many different things change at once, we dont know what causes the change!

Example Lets say we want to design an experiment to determine what causes the Hornets to win games.

Number of games that Hornets win

Try this one! Answer in notes… Travie McCoy hypothesizes that if he write more songs about being rich, then he will sell more CDs because his listeners also want to be rich. What is the IV? What is the DV? What are the constants? Remember, variables are CATEGORIES.

If Travie write more songs about being rich, then he will sell more CDs because his listeners also want to be rich. IV Number of songs about being rich How often Travie sings about being rich Amount of times Travie sings about money DV Number of CDs Travie sells How many CDs Travie sells Constant Amount of money CDs cost Number of tracks on each CD How good each CD is

Practice You want to know when in the year there are the most love bugs. Every night, you record how many love bugs you find outside. IV = DV = Constant = Time of year (season/month) Amount of fireflies

Practice Maria needs to run a 6 minute mile to pass PE. She believes that if she runs every day, then she will be able to run faster. IV = DV = Constant = Frequency that Maria runs Mile time

Practice Students of different genders were given the same puzzle to assemble. The puzzle assembly time was measured. IV = DV = Constant = Type of gender Time to assemble puzzle

If there are more students, then there will be more school bus drivers. IV = DV = Constant = Amount of students Number of school bus drivers

If the amount of sugar used on beignets decreases, then less beignets will be sold. What depends on what? IV = DV = Constant = Amount of sugar used Number of beignets sold

IV = Number of games won DV = Number of players attracted Constant = If the Saints win more games, then they will attract more big name players.

Conclusion A proper experiment always has an independent variable and dependent variable. Everything but the independent and dependent variable must be kept constant. Independent Variable: manipulated variable Dependent variable: responding variable Constants: factors kept the same throughout experiment

Exit Question Lets say you want to figure out what drink will make you taller: milk, Gatorade, or water. You drink each for a month and record your height at the end of each month. 1. What is the independent variable? 2. What is the dependent variable? 3. What are at least two factors that should be held constant? HW: IV, DV, Constants Worksheet