Objective 14.01 What are the major parts of a plant including the anatomical parts and what are the distinguishing characteristics of each?

Plant Parts Leaves Stems Roots Flowers

Leaves-External Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf Midrib-the large center vein Veins-the structural framework of the leaf Margin-the edge of the leaf

Leaves-External

Leaves-Internal Upper and lower epidermis-skin of the leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture Stomates-small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration Guard Cells-open and close stomates

Leaves-Internal Chloroplasts-small green particles that contain chlorophyll gives leaves their green color necessary for photosynthesis

Leaves-Internal

Leaves-Internal

Stems-External Lenticels-breathing pores Bud scale scars-show where terminal buds have been located Leaf Scars-show where leaves were attached Terminal bud-bud on the end of a stem Axillary or lateral bud-bud on side of stem

Stems-Internal Xylem-tissue that transports water and nutrients up from the roots to stems and leaves Phloem-tissue that transports food down from leaves to roots

Stems-Internal Phloem Phloem Xylem

Stems-Internal Cambium-thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells Bark-old inactive phloem Heartwood-old inactive xylem Sapwood-new active xylem

Stems-Internal Bark Cambium Sapwood Heartwood

Stems-Internal Monocota-plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle examples: corn, grasses Dicata-plant stems have the phloem layer and xylem layer separated by cambium example: trees

Stems-Internal Monocot Dicot

Roots-External Root cap-indicates growth of new cells Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals Root images from a rice plant

Roots-Internal Much like stems in that they have a phloem, cambium, and xylem layer Phloem-the outer layer that carries food down the root Xylem-the inner layer that carries water and minerals up to the stem

Layers of Roots Fibrous-many branched shallow roots are easier to transplant Tap-long root with few branched ones more difficult to transplant

Flowers Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers Stamen-male part of the flower Pistil-female part of the flower

Flowers

Parts of the Stamen Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells

Parts of the Pistil Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen

Parts of the Pistil Stigma Style Ovary

Complete-vs-Incomplete Complete flowers have both male and female parts Incomplete flowers have only male or female parts

What are the major parts of a plant including the anatomical parts and what are the distinguishing characteristics of each?