By Pamela S. Erickson, M.A., CEO Public Action Management, PLC Former Director, Oregon Liquor Control Commission CADCA 23 rd National Leadership Forum February 4-7, 2013 Washington, D.C.

 Overall objective is to encourage greater community use of local and state alcohol regulations which curtail price, promotion, product and place. Three segments:  Basic review of how alcohol regulation represents the “strong strategies” in reducing alcohol harm.  How retail market trends and deregulation decrease prices, increase availability and promote cheap alcohol.  Discussion on how to work in your community to limit outlet density, reduce high volume purchase discounting, and remove dangerous products from stores where youth are customers.

 CDC estimates 79,000 deaths occur due to alcohol annually. Contrast with 6,000 people lost in two wars.  Despite progress on underage drinking, it is still unacceptably high.  Alcohol is a causal factor in crime, domestic violence and other social problems.  In 2011, 9,878 people died and 350,000 were injured from drunk driving crashes. $132 billion cost.  If a new product came on the market and created that number of tragedies, there would be mass hysteria!

Because some normal business practices — quite legitimate for other commodities — may produce social harm when alcohol is sold. So why do we need special regulations for businesses that sell alcohol?

As an illustration, imagine you decide to buy a floral business…

1. Efforts to retain and increase customers who are “frequent buyers” of flowers 2. Discounts and promotions to gain new “flower-loving” customers 3. Advertising to young people to build a future customer base Your business plan would include:

Your business plan calls for:  Marketing to heavy drinkers and alcoholics. Estimates of underage market are 11-18%; 5- 20% drink heavily or above recommended levels.  Use of volume discounts to encourage heavy use.  Marketing to youth to encourage present and future alcohol use.  Market Regulations Prevent this Scenario: Large Quantities of Cheap Alcohol Widely Available and Heavily Promoted

1. Price: keeps prices reasonably high and prevents price wars. Low prices increase consumption, particularly among youth. 2. Promotion: curtails or bans promotions that encourage high volume consumption. 3. Product: controls or bans dangerous or high potency products. 4. Place: limits availability (locations, days and hours)

 Credible research from public health officials such as the Centers for Disease Control and the World Health Organization have confirmed the effectiveness of basic alcohol regulations.  Example: “Alcohol, No Ordinary Commodity,” Second Edition): the strong strategies are “restrictions on affordability, availability and accessibility, as well as drink-driving deterrence measures”

 Alcohol sold primarily in “Tied House” saloons. Large, out of state manufacturers own many retail outlets.  Most common drink was beer, sold in glasses, kegs and buckets.  Aggressive sales promoted high volume drinking.  Social problems: public disorder, intoxication and addiction, family wages squandered, prostitution, gambling.

The saloon system is ancient history. It can’t happen today.  But deregulation in the United Kingdom has fostered an alcohol epidemic.  Today alcohol is available in bars, clubs and grocery stores 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.  Underage drinking rates are twice ours; hospitalization and disease due to alcohol have doubled in just 10 years. Source: Oxford Univesity Press, Medical Council on Alcohol, c 2012

Four large chains control 75% of the market. Most use alcohol as a “loss leader”. Pre-drinking, before going to bars, has increased. The large chains are locked in price wars.

Costco re-wrote 60 pages of state alcohol laws and gave $22 million to a campaign to pass a ballot measure in November 2011 to privatize spirits and deregulate wine. The re-written statutes have increased availability of spirits from 328 state stores to over 1,700 outlets (and more are likely). Prices increased due to new taxes, thefts skyrocketed, small liquor stores are failing, small wineries and distilleries have lost money. Simplistic ideas dealing with complex problems rarely work.

 * Supermarket chains have become a dominant force in the alcohol market. They want to sell all forms of alcohol in lightly regulated environments.  * Many new outlets as drug stores, convenience stores, “dollar stores” apply for licenses.  * In-store advertising over-exposes youth to alcohol ads.  * Governments are desperate for revenue and seem willing to ignore likely consequences.

 This isn’t Russia. Democracies require slow deliberation for wise decision-making. (In contrast, Russia solved problems with casinos in 2009 by closing.) them all down!)  Industry has considerable power. Meanwhile public health is often silent due to grant prohibitions on “lobbying.”.”  It pays to be very careful when considering deregulation as it will be difficult to revert back.

 Availability. Allows alcohol to be sold by the bottle and the drink, but limits the number, location, types of alcohol products, and hours of outlets.  No “Bargain Booze”. Regulations balance prices, control price competition, and restrict dangerous marketing and promotional practices.  Children and Teens. Age restrictions protect young people from the serious problems of underage drinking.  Drunk driving. Creates and enforces strict measures against drinking and driving—sobriety checks, blood alcohol limits, driver’s license suspension.  Education and Enforcement. Uses the carrot of education (alcohol awareness programs, “schools” for offenders) and the stick of enforcement (fines, community service and jail) when education fails. Source: Adapted from World Health Organization recommendations.

 Taxes usually work but are politically difficult to increase.  There are other ways that may be easier: fee increases, new fees, special privilege fees (late night), rules against multiple buys for reduced price.  In some states, parts of the the alcohol industry may support some increased fees.

 State liquor boards may have authority to remove such products.  Control states may de-list products sold in state stores.  Regulatory definitions of beer, wine and spirits govern where they can be sold. Beware of proposed changes.  Community pressure on local stores and/or manufacturer.

 Many states have specific rules or laws prohibiting volume discounts, coupons and multiple buys.  Some states have rules against high volume drink promotions.  Some states allow local communities to have such rules.  It’s possible to get industry support as good licensees do not like risky practices.

 Many states have quotas on various types of licenses and/or give communities some say in license decisions.  Other ways: zoning, local ordinances, nuisance statutes.

 Education about the value of our regulatory system and the importance of price, promotion and availability.  Survey community environment to assess prices, promotions and availability of alcohol.  Review current regulatory measures that impact price and availability.  Advocate for current and enhanced regulatory systems.

 Alcohol regulations impacting price, product, promotion and place are some of the strongest and most effective strategies as confirmed by credible public health research.  Deregulation usually results in serious social problems that are hard to reverse.  Community leaders should review their state and local regulations to see how they could be strengthened or better enforced to help reduce alcohol problems.  Community coalitions can be very effective in making changes and can even get local business support.

 “2013 Issue Briefs for States, Brief Explanations of Common Regulatory Issues Facing State and Local Communities,”  “Alcohol Outlet Density and Public Health”, Alcohol Justice (formerly The Marin Institute):  “Strategizer 55, Regulating Alcohol Outlet Density: An Action Guide” CADCA in partnership with the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth (CAMY),  “Preventing Excessive Alcohol Consumption,” Guide to Community Preventive Services,  “The Dangers of Alcohol Deregulation: The United Kingdom Experience: 2012 Update,” Pamela S. Erickson,  “The High Price of Cheap Alcohol,” Pamela S. Erickson,  “What are the most effective and cost-effective interventions in alcohol control?” World Health Organization, February 2004  “Today’s alcohol demands a closer look,” National Alcohol Beverage Control Association,

Website has:  Monthly newsletter, educational pieces, PowerPoint presentations from conferences. (These are free!)  Recent updated report on UK, “The Dangers of Alcohol Deregulation: the United Kingdom Experience, 2012 Update” can be downloaded from website.  Issue Briefs for 2013 has simple explanations of alcohol regulatory issues as well as citations for research and more information.