1920 to 1936
Harlem Renaissance Defined Harlem Renaissance (HR) is the name given to the period from the end of World War I and through the middle of the 1930s Depression, during which a group of talented African-American writers produced a sizable body of literature in the four prominent genres of poetry, fiction, drama, and essay.
Harlem Renaissance Defined (continued) Not limited to literature, the movement also includes philosophy, theater, the visual arts, and music.
Harlem Renaissance Dates Beginning dates range from 1914 to 1920 Ending dates range from 1935 to 1940
Great Migration Beginning of World War I Job opportunities in North Some believe this to be the beginning of H.R.
Key Figures
W. E. B. Du Bois ( ) Philosopher Sociologist Civil rights activist
W.E.B. Du Bois African Americans must be taught racial pride and African cultural heritage Coined the term “Talented Tenth”
Charles Gilpin ( ) Performing arts: theater
Theater and Film Charles Gilpin founded the Lafayette Players Few plays were written by African Americans
Alain LeRoy Locke ( ) Philosopher Educator
Alain Locke The New Negro Saw Harlem as race capital
Marcus Garvey ( ) Political leader Publisher and journalist Jamaican National Hero
Marcus Garvey Back to Africa movement
Claude McKay ( ) Writer
Claude McKay “If we must die—let it not be like hogs hunted and penned in an inglorious spot…Like men we’ll face the murderous, cowardly pack, Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!”
Zora Neale Hurston ( ) Writer Anthropologist Folklorist
Jean Toomer ( ) Writer
Jean Toomer Poet Envisioned an American identity that would transcend race Did not seek out “black” forms for his poetry
Bessie Smith ( ) Jazz and Blues Singer
Langston Hughes ( ) Writer
Langston Hughes “We younger Negro artists…intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased, we are glad. If they are not, it doesn’t matter.”
End of World War I “We return. We return from fighting. Make way for democracy! We saved it in France, and by the Great Jehovah, we will save it in the United States of America or know the reason why.” W.E.B. De Bois
Creative Forms Writers Poets Philosophers Musicians Visual Artists Filmmakers
African-American Literature Sought to reach entire community, not just highly educated Periodicals (magazines) acted as a medium of intellectual discourse
End of the Renaissance The Great Depression 50% of families in Harlem were out of work Harlem Race Riot, 1935
Gains of the Harlem Renaissance African Americans proved themselves to be talented and capable Created a new consciousness in blacks and whites New art forms Socioeconomic changes
The Harlem Renaissance