Thrombophilia screening

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Venous Thrombo-embolism In Pregnancy
Advertisements

Frequency of Monitoring, Non-adherence, and Other Anticoagulation Topics Nathan Clark, Pharm D, BCPS Clinical Pharmacy Supervisor Anticoagulation and Anemia.
Giancarlo Agnelli Università di Perugia Anticoagulant treatment for PE: optimal duration.
Quali sono gli elementi predittivi di recidiva?
THROMBOPHILIA ANDCORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
/4/2010 Box and Whisker Plots Objective: Learn how to read and draw box and whisker plots Starter: Order these numbers.
1 1  1 =.
1  1 =.
2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt ShapesPatterns Counting Number.
Sexual Behaviors that Contribute to Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Including HIV Infection.
Lecture 3 Validity of screening and diagnostic tests
Peripheral Arterial Disease: missed opportunity for cardiovascular intervention Subhash Banerjee, MD Chief, Division of Cardiology VA North Texas Healthcare.
Plasma Lipids at diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes UKPDS study group, Diabetes Care 1997; 20: (55)1.1 (43) 1.0 (39)HDL-C mmol/l (mg/dl) 1.8 (159)
Bell Schedules Club Time is available from 8:05-8:20  1 st 8:20 – 9:15  2 nd 9:20 – 10:10  3 rd 10:15 – 11:05  4 th 11:10 – 12:50 A(11:10)
VBWG Synergistic actions of hypertension and dyslipidemia on endothelial function Implications for treatment Mason RP et al. Circulation. 2004;109(suppl.
VTE Prophylaxis in the Hospitalized Patient: Importance and Strategies for Improved Compliance Andrew H. Dombro, M.D. Instructor of Medicine Division of.
HIV and Aging Kathleen K Casey, MD Director, AIDS Ambulatory Care Center Jersey Shore University Medical Center.
UK Renal Registry 17th Annual Report Figure 5.1. Trend in one year after 90 day incident patient survival by first modality, 2003–2012 cohorts (adjusted.
Venous Thromboembolism: Risk Assessment and Prophylaxis
FRR Testing for thrombophilia: is it ever useful? F.R. Rosendaal, Leiden ISTH Educational Course on Thrombosis, Thrombophilia, Thrombolysis and DIC Moscow,
Indications for a thrombophilia workup in Obstetrics Helen H. Kay, MD February, 2005.
1 THROMBOPHILIA. 2 Thrombophilia is technical term for hypercoagulable state Thrombosis (arterial or venous) is produced by a shift in the balance between.
Thrombophilia. Now considered a multicausal disease, with an interplay of acquired and genetic thrombotic risk factors Approximately half of venous thromboembolic.
Increasingly, women who are asymptomatic present in pregnancy with a known thrombophilia, typically detected because of screening following identification.
Thrombophilia: Practice Aspects
Factor V Leiden Developed by Dr. Judith Allanson, Ms. Shawna Morrison and Dr. June Carroll Last updated Dec 2014.
Below the Knee DVT and Pregnancy Related Thrombosis Robert Lampman, MD Morning Report July 2009.
Venous thromboembolism: how long to treat?
Deep vein thrombosis. Color duplex scan of DVT Venogram shows DVT.
Volume 359: November 6, 2008 Number 19November 6, 2008.
Thrombophilia For the Clinician
Thrombophilias Sharon Sams. Objectives Overview of etiology of hypercoagulability Available tests Clinical correlation or “What do I do with these results?”
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THROMBOSIS “Virchow’s Triad” 1.Injury to blood vessels Trauma, atherosclerosis, surgery 2.Stasis of blood Immobility, venous incompetence,
INHERITED THROMBOPHILIA. Defects in physiologic anticoagulant pathways Increased production of procoagulant Antithrombin deficiency Protein C deficiency.
Thrombophilia Rose Marie Meier Reproductive medicine Genk - Belgium.
Extended Anticoagulation in VTE Geoffrey Barnes, MD Cardiovascular and Vascular Medicine University of Michigan, USA 1 st Qatar Conference on Safe Anticoagulation.
Epidemiology and diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism Dr Sam Z Goldhaber Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Staff Cardiologist Brigham.
Chapter Ten Venous Disease Coalition Hypercoagulability VTE Toolkit.
Management thrombophilia. introduction Twenty percent of maternal deaths in the United States during that period were attributed to PE. Inherited thrombophilias.
Thrombophilia— Hypercoagulable States Gabriel Shapiro, MD, FACP.
Bob Silver, MD University of Utah Health Sciences Thrombophilias in Obstetrics Modified from a presentation to the Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine by.
Supervisor: Vs 余垣斌 Presenter: CR 周益聖. INTRODUCTION.
DEFINING THE DURATION OF ANTICOAGULATION. HOW LONG TO TREAT A DVT?
Hypercoagulable Syndromes. Risk Factors For Venous Thrombosis ACQUIREDINHERITEDMIXED/UNKNOWN Advancing ageAntithrombin Deficiency  Homocysteine ObesityProtein.
Thrombophilia=Tendency to Thrombosis HEREDITARYACQUIRED.
Pulmonary Embolism Treatment in Cancer - Is It Different 34th Brazilian Thoracic Conference 6th ALAT Congress 5th Brazil-Portugal Congress Brazilia/DF.
Thrombophilia National Haemophilia Director
Hypercoagulable States. Acquired versus inherited Acquired versus inherited “Provoked” vs idiopathic VTE “Provoked” vs idiopathic VTE Who should be tested.
Thrombophilia (Hypercoagulable States) Abdulkareem Almomen, MD Professor of Medicine & Hematology, King Saud University MED 341, Feb.2014.
Thrombophilia. Definition –Tendency to develop clots due to predisposing factors that may be genetically determined.
Charles J. Lockwood, M.D. The Anita O’Keefe Young Professor and Chair Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Yale University School.
Chapter Seven Venous Disease Coalition Long-Term Management of VTE VTE Toolkit.
Venous thromboembolic disease
Duration of Anticoagulation 5 Patients Categories 3. First Episode: 4. First Episode: 5.Recurrent DVT 2. First Episode: 1. First Episode: Transient risk.
Thrombophilia Made Simple for Obstetricians
Management issues in other thrombophilia Ng Heng Joo Department of Haematology Singapore General Hospital.
Introduction  Background  Components of thrombophilia tests  Who and when to test  Pitfalls in testing  Specific Management issues (contraception/HRT/travel/pregnancy)
Sclerotherapy and thrombophilia: How to do it? Saturday 29 March 2014 Pascal Giordana Nice, France.
Treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism Anders Waage.
INHERITED THROMBOPHILIA
Deficiencies of Proteins C, S and Antithrombin and Activated Protein C Resistance – Their Involvement in the Occurrence of Arterial Thromboses Report PGY.
Factor V Leiden Developed by Dr. Judith Allanson, Ms. Shawna Morrison and Dr. June Carroll Last updated Dec 2014.
Member of the Executive Board of EBCOG
Dr Ferdous Mehrabian. Dr Ferdous Mehrabian Inherited thrombophilias in pregnancy Inherited thrombophilias is a genetic tendency to venous thrombosis.
Selective testing for thrombophilia in patients with first venous thrombosis: results from a retrospective family cohort study on absolute thrombotic risk.
How I treat cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Thrombophilia.
Inherited thrombophilia Screening
Thrombophilia in pregnancy: Whom to screen, when to treat
Treatment algorithm. Treatment algorithm. (A) Suggested treatment algorithm for symptomatic and incidental DVT or PE in cancer patients. (B) Suggested.
Presentation transcript:

Thrombophilia screening Gualtiero Palareti Dept. Angiology & Blood Coagulation “Marino Golinelli” University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi Bologna, Italy

Ascertained thrombophilic alterations Inherited Antithrombin deficiency Reduced anticoagulation Protein C deficiency “ “ Protein S deficiency Mut. R506Q (FV Leiden) Activated PC resistance Mut. G20210A (Prothrombin) Increased prothrombin levels Mixed Increased F. VIII levels Acquired Lupus Anticoagulant (LAC) Anti phospholipid Ab In questa dia sono riportate le condizioni trombofiliche accertate, vale a dire quelle per cui è stata dimostrata un’associazione con l’aumento del rischio trombotico. Esistono altre alterazioni che 1) sono molto rare 2) non è ancora dimostrato che la loro presenza aumenti il rischio (es) Le condizioni trombofiliche possono essere distinte in 1) eredofamiliari e tra queste ricordiamo… 2) miste ovvero che possono essere determinate sia da fattori ambientali ma anche dalla presenza di mutazioni o entrambe es. classsico l’iperomocys, altra aumento fattore VIII 3) acquisite = LAC dovuto alla presenza di AB antifosfolipidi. Per quanto riguarda le eredofamiliari …. Elenco e cosa fanno. Ricordare che il FVL è una mutazione che produce un FV che viene inibito meno dalla PC e che produce il fenomeno della APCR che è il test di screening per questa mutazione

Prevalence of thrombophilic alterations in the general population Year Prevalence Antithrombin 1965 0.05-0.2% Protein C 1981 0.2-0.3% Protein S 1984 ? Mut. R506Q (FV Leiden) 1993-94 3-7% Mut. G20210A (Prothrombin) 1996 1-3% LAC ---- 3-5% Increased F. VIII levels 10%

Prevalence of thrombophilic alterations in subjects with VTE events RR Antithrombin 1% 5-50 Protein C 3% 7-10 Protein S 1-2% 6-10 Mut. R506Q (FV Leiden) 15-20% Mut. G20210A (Prothrombin) 6% 2-3 Increased F. VIII levels 25% 4 LAC 5% 9 La prevalenza delle stesse alterazioni nei soggetti che abbiamo sofferto di tromboembolia venosa riflette la prevalenza nella popolazione generale. Descrizione. Il rischio associato alle diverse alterazioni non sempre uguale alcune sono associate ad un rischio più alto (per fortuna sono anche le più rare) mentre quelle più frequenti conferiscono un rischio molto inferiore. Va anche tenuto presente che essendo alcune alterazioni molto frequenti non è inusuale che ci possa essere la contemporanea presenza di due diverse alterazioni, ovvero l’associazione tra difetti è frequente ed è ovvio che il rischio aumenta la dove più di una alterazione sia presente.

May Thrombophilia Screening affect the initial treatment of DVT? NO!!

May Thrombophilia Screening affect the choice of the initial anticoagulant drug? Not now In future, an immediately active anticoagulant that does not need antithrombin (AT) may be preferred when AT is reduced

May results of Thrombophilia Screening be useful to assess the risk of recurrence?

From Baglin et al. Lancet 2003

(from Christiansen et al, JAMA 2005)

Ho et al, Arch Intern Med 2006 Risk of recurrence in common thrombophilia

Recurrence in subjects with/without thrombophilia (Palareti et al Recurrence in subjects with/without thrombophilia (Palareti et al. Circulation 2003)

D-d carried out 1 month after OAT interruption and recurrences (Palareti et al., Circulation 2003)

Cumulative probability of VTE recurrence according to the plasma levels of Factor VIII in patients with a first unprovoked VTE. Legnani et al, Br J Haematol 2004

Not all the thrombophilic defects carry the same risk

Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with hereditary deficiency of either protein S, protein C or antithrombin (Brouwer et al. Thromb Haemost 2009) Conclusions: These patients have a high absolute risk of recurrence. The risk is increased after a first spontaneous event, and by concomitance of other thrombophilic defects.

What are annualised recurrence rates for unselected patients with AT, PC, PS deficiency and homozygotes and compound heterozygotes of FVL/F2G20210A ? Trevor Baglin, Joseph Emmerich, Clive Kearon, Gualtiero Palareti, Paolo Prandoni, Sam Schulman 16

PS AT PC AT, PC, PS deficiency, all patients n = 223 recurrence by deficiency PS Annualised recurrence rates recurr follow up AT 16/46 (35%) 150 pt-yrs 10.7% (6.2 – 16.7) PC 21/75 (28%) 321 pt-yrs 6.6% (4.1 – 9.9) PS 25/102 (25%) 286 pt-yrs 8.7% (5.7 – 12.6) AT PC p = ns

FVL & F2G20210A, all patients n = 80 recurrence by defect Annualised recurrence rates recurr follow up FVL/ 10/23 (43%) 90 pt-yrs FVL 11.1% (5.5 – 19.5) FVL/ 12/45 (27%) 176 pt-yrs F2 6.8% (3.6 – 11.6) F2/ 3/12 (25%) 55 pt-yrs F2 5.5% (1.1 – 15.1) FVL hom FVLF2 comp F2 hom p = ns

May results of Thrombophilia Screening influence the duration of anticoagulation? An indefinite anticoagulation can be suggested in carriers of AT, PC, PS deficiency or combined defects whose 1st event was idiopathic

Examples: Women with 1st VTE during pregnancy Children with 1st VTE May Thrombophilia Screening be useful in particular groups of patients? Examples: Women with 1st VTE during pregnancy Children with 1st VTE

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Does thrombophilia screening help us manage patients with a history of VTE during pregnancy? American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2001;75:203-12.

Pregnant subjects with previous VTE (ACOG 2001) Pregnant patients with a history of thrombosis found to be antithrombin III deficient, homozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation or prothrombin G20210A mutation, or heterozygous for both mutations should be given therapeutic anticoagulation for the duration of their pregnancy and in the postpartum period. All other patients are candidates for prophylactic anticoagulation in the antepartum and postpartum period.

..compared with children with the FV mutation or no thrombophilia, children with the FII variant are at increased risk for recurrent VTE. This may have significant implications on outcome and possibly treatment modalities.

Yes, for asymptomatic carriers May results of Thrombophilia Screening of a pt with DVT be useful for relatives? Yes, for asymptomatic carriers To reduce exposition to other risk factors To offer appropriate prophylaxis in high- risk situations

Synergic effect of some risk factors Gene-gene interaction Mut. R506Q (FV Leiden) heteroz. Mut. R506Q (FV Leiden) homoz. 7-10 70-90 Gene-environment interaction Pill Mut. R506Q (FV Leiden) Pill + Mut. R506Q (FV Leiden) 3-4 7-10 35-40 Bisogna anche tenere presente che i vari fattori di rischio possono non solo sommarsi ma avere anche un effetto sinergico, ciò a dire che il rischio totale potrà essere maggiore della semplice somma dei due singoli rischi. Tanto per fare qualche esempio ricordiamo la situazionedel FVL nella forma etero il rischio è di 7-10, ci potremmo aspettare in rischio 14-20 nell’omo invece il rischio è di 70-90 volte più alto rispetto ad un soggetto non portatore della mutazione Un altro es molto attuale è la sinergia tra la presenza del FVL e l’assunzione di EP. Sappiamo che l’EP conferisce un aumento del rischio di circa 3-4 volte e il FVL di 7-10, ma una donna portatrice di FVL che assuma EP ha un aumento del rischio di 30 40 volte, ovvero molto maggiore rispetto alla semplice somma dei due rischi. Lo stesso vale anche per la G20210A e molte altre situazioni.

Coppens et al., J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6: 1474–7 Testing for inherited thrombophilia does not reduce the recurrence of venous thrombosis Coppens et al., J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6: 1474–7 Hypothesis: Positive results may influence patient management such as: - prolonged anticoagulant treatment or - intensified prophylaxis in high-risk situations. Results: The OR for recurrence was 1.2 [95% CI 0.9-1.8] for tested vs. non-tested patients.

Anxiety significantly (p≤0.05) decreased in the altered group and a non-significant improvement in perceived health status after TS result communication was recorded in both altered and normal result subjects

(from Mazzolai, EJVES 2007)

Final comments: Thrombophilia screening in pts with DVT No influence on initial treatment Risk of recurrence Prolonged duration of anticoagulation in very high-risk subjects Possible information on selected groups (women/pregnancy; children) Useful for relatives, but only if associated with appropriate counseling