1

2 CST-092 Beginning Computer Windows Concepts Lecture 1: Computer Concepts Computer Concepts Getting Started

3 What is a Computer? A machine that computes. An electronic system that –accepts data, –processes data, –reports data, and –stores data.

4 The Microcomputer Hardware –Physical components of a computer system. Software –Programs or instructions that direct the operations of the computer.

5 INPUT: –The method of getting information into the computer. –The process of entering and translating data into a form the computer can understand. Information Processing Cycle 3 4

6 3 4 PROCESSING: –Performing a calculation or logical operation on the information. –Turning raw data into meaningful information = 7 7

7 Information Processing Cycle OUTPUT: –The method of getting data out of the computer. –Translating machine-readable code into a form readable by humans The sum of 3 and 4 is 7. 7

8 Information Processing Cycle STORAGE: –Storing data for future use

9 INPUT --The Keyboard Keyboard Indicator Lights Escape Key Spacebar Typewriter Keys Arrow Keys Numeric Keypad

10 INPUT --The Keyboard InsertBackspace Enter Delete Print Screen Tab Caps Lock Alternate Keys Shift Keys Control Keys

11 INPUT --The Mouse

12 INPUT --The Mouse ClickingDouble-Clicking

13 INPUT --The Mouse Dragging

14 INPUT --The Mouse Right-Clicking

15 Processing – The System Unit Main Memory a.k.a. Primary Memory a.k.a. RAM RAM = Random Access Memory Programs and Data are in RAM! 3 4

16 BIT B inary dig IT -- Two Values: 0 & 1 Smallest piece of data that can be recognized and used by a computer. ON OFF = 1 = 0

17 Byte a group of 8 bits can hold a character –Alphabetic Letter (UPPER or lower case) –Numbers –Special Characters !, (, *, ), &, etc. ASCII Code used in microcomputers American Standard Code for Information Interchange

18 DELTA in 5 Bytes of RAM: D E L T A

19 Memory Measurements Kilobyte –1K or 1Kb or 1KB = 1,000 bytes –(1,024 bytes) Megabyte –1M or 1Mb or 1MB = 1,000,000 bytes –(1,048,576 bytes) 640K = 640,000 bytes4M = 4,000,000 bytes

20 Data and Software are in RAM 347 NUM1NUM2SUM SUM = NUM1 + NUM2 PROGRAM1

21 Central Processing Unit - CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit-ALU Arithmetic +Addition -Subtraction *Multiplication /Division Logic Greater Than =Equal Control Unit Traffic Cop What’s Next?

22 Output The SUM of is 7

23 Auxiliary Storage Secondary Storage DISKETTE 3.5” 1.44 Mb HARD DISK 20 Mb to Billion+ 100 Mb FLASH DRIVE F: or G: or… C: A:

24 Hardware Summary OUTPUTINPUT Auxiliary Storage CPU Main Memory

25 SOFTWARE Hardware System Software Application Software USER Systems Software Initializes Computer (BOOT) Interfaces with user and application Coordinates system resources

26 R ES U SYSTEMS SOFTWARE N O I T C I L P P A A W O W I N D S HW

27 R ES U SYSTEMS SOFTWARE N O I T C I L P P A A W O W I N D S HW

28 APPLICATION SOFTWARE Word Processing A B C D Spreadsheet Graphics Database DATA Communications

29