Rise and Fall of Empires Europe and Persia 002

REVIEW – World Music instrument family groups: Hornbostel Sachs system idiophones, such as the xylophone, which produce sound by vibrating themselves; membranophones, such as drums or kazoos, which produce sound by a vibrating membrane; chordophones, such as the piano or cello, which produce sound by vibrating strings; aerophones, such as the pipe organ or oboe, which produce sound by vibrating columns of air. There are other categories, but these are the main 4. The OLDEST category system originates in China

Today Phil performance The Year 12 Assessment at end of lesson, once Year 3 have cleared out The Year 12 Assessment Instrument Families introduction European World Music… additional work.

Year 12 IB Music Assessment 2 hours 30 minutes Section A: 2 (two) questions on Dido And Aeneas You may take in the Norton Score – BUT the front must be bound. Section B: 4 questions with listening examples. Some with a score Some without a score Some with a title and composer Some without. You may repeat the playing of the extracts as many times as you wish!

The task Individual research – in class. Due: 19 May – end of the session Presentation: Handouts Additional Material – use this to further illustrate your region. Instruments – the next few slides: Does your region have a version of those instruments? 1 – Greece: Joe 2 – Spain, Portugal: Phil 3 – Russia: Garrett 4 – Scotland, Ireland : Yi An 5 – Hungary, Romania: Tobie 6 – European Jazz intro: Ms J

Armenia Location – close to Greece Armenian musics combine features of both Asian and European musics. They draw on traditions from the Middle East in that they are essentially monodic and modal with a strong tonal centre, and have auxiliary notes that provide an antithesis to the tonic assisting in the unfolding of the melody. At the same time, they share the dynamics and temporal organization of melodic development found to the West.

The Rebab Rabāb [rubāb, rubob, rebab, rabob, robāb, ribāb, rbab, rabāba etc.]. A term for various chordophones, particularly lutes (mainly with skin soundtable), both bowed and plucked, and lyres, found mainly in North Africa, the Middle East, Iran, Central Asia, South Asia and South-east Asia, but also in many other regions influenced by Islam: from China to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia to Spain (and thence to Latin America). Grove Music Online Example of Armenian K’amancha

Duduk Bālābān [balaman, yasti balaman, duduk]. Cylindrical oboe of the Caucasus (particularly Azerbaijan), northern Iran and north-east Iraq. In northern Iran the bālābān is also known by its older Turkish name nerme ney or mey. It has a cylindrical wooden pipe, a broad reed and eight finger-holes, giving the scale E♭ (with an A♮). The warm, full tone of the bālābān is often used with the choghur (lute) and qāvāl (frame drum) to accompany the singing of an ‘āshiq (poet-singer); it is also played solo, and in pairs with one instrument providing a drone. Grove Music Online

Zither Examples of zithers: (a) musical bow of the Dan people, Ivory Coast; (b) raft zither (pandaa) of the Samo people, Upper Volta; (c) trough zither (inanga), Burundi; (d) idiochord tube zither (kalinga), Philippines; (e) board (box) zither (qānūn), Middle East;

More Zithers More examples of zithers: (f) stick zither (bīn), north India; (g) half-tube zither (gakusō), Japan Generic definition on next slide…

Zither definition According to the classification system of Hornbostel and Sachs (1914; see Chordophone), a zither is a ‘simple chordophone’, consisting solely of a string bearer (and its string or strings) or of a string bearer with a resonator that can be detached without destroying the sound-producing apparatus. Zithers are thus distinguished from ‘composite chordophones’, such as harps and lutes, in which the string bearer and a resonator are organically united and cannot be separated without destroying the instrument. Whereas the strings of a lute or lyre extend past the face of the instrument along a neck or out to a yoke, and those of a harp extend away from the soundboard, the strings of a zither do not go beyond or away from the body of the instrument. Grove Music Online

Now what?! Does your region have a version of those instruments? Add this to your handout. Phil…performance Set up for Year 10 performances NEXT CLASS – further work on your region. Armenia Dido and Aeneas work should be ready to return.