SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 1

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 2 LANDING CLIMATE CHANGE International Meeting "Integrate Development and Environment: Towards a New Model of Territorial Governance“ ENEA Casaccia Research Headquarters Grégoire de Kalbermatten DES UNCCD Casaccia, 04 December 2008

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 3 The human surge

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 4 Food demand

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 5 Key constraints Declining fresh water supplies Shrinking land area/soil loss Nutrient losses and rising costs Growth in biofuels Declining agricultural R & D Biofuels impact Climate change impacts

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 6 Water scarcity today

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 7 Groundwater worries China – water tables falling by >3 metres /yr India – 26 million wells = 200 cu kms/year, levels falling by 2-3 metres/year USA – 70 cu kms/year – levels fallen by m in Arizona Libya – ‘Great Man-Made River’ already falling Australia – groundwater levels falling / water is ‘double allocated’

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 8 SECURING THE CONTINUUM CLIMATE/SOIL/LAND/FOOD SECURITY NOW -Food riots in 37 countries, in some of which there is a growing risk of government failure -60% of all conflicts in the past 18 years have been driven, at their core, by disputes stemming from a natural resources scarcity factors related to land, water and food; forced migrations

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 9 TOMORROW -Sea fishing is forecast to collapse by 2040, throwing more demand onto land-based food protein -Total world food demand is forecast to rise 110% by Land degradation has not been assessed globally since 1992, but, by some estimates half of the arable land will be under threat of desertification by Up to half the Earth may be in regular drought by the end of the century Estimates by Prof. Julian Cribb, Julian Cribb & Associates, Tackling global food change and the coming famine

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 10 - THUS - The present challenge is to double world food output – using less land, far less water, far fewer nutrients and, with the prospect of less technology to do so, in the teeth of increasing drought - By 2020s looming regional food shortages could precipitate refugee waves numbering in the hundreds of millions, leaving no country on Earth unaffected. If we wish to avoid potential wars, riots and refugee tsunamis, the only answer is to secure the continuum CLIMATE/SOIL/LAND/FOOD SECURITY.

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 11 Being creative/responsive would include: Bringing market finance mechanism for adaptation/mitigation to bear on forest and land conservation; Ag.R+D. Soil Focus. A global effort helped by the UNCCD to promote conservation agriculture, low-input farming systems and put organic framing systems on a scientific footing; A 200% increase in water use efficiency in all crops;

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 12

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 13

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 14 Soil degradation is an under-recognized threat to global well-being which will be aggravated by climate change

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 15

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 16 DESERTIFICATION? Cf. Art 1 of the UNCCD ‘Desertification’ means land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, Including climatic variations and human activities: - Prolonged drought - Soil erosion caused by wind and/or water - Human activities and habitation patterns

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 17 - Deterioration of the physical, chemical and biological or economic properties of soil - Long term loss of natural vegetation ‘land’ = the terrestrial bio-productive system i.e. Soil + Vegetation + Ecological and hydrological processes that operate within the system

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SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 19

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 20

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 21

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 22

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 23 The 10 Year strategy of the UNCCD The vision The aim for the future is to forge a global partnership to reverse and prevent desertification/land degradation and to mitigate the effects of drought in affected areas in order to support poverty reduction and environmental sustainability.

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 24 The strategic objectives of the UNCCD

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 25 The mission To provide a global framework to support the development and implementation of national and regional policies, programmes and measures to prevent, control and reverse desertification/land degradation and mitigate the effects of drought through scientific and technological excellence, raising public awareness, standard setting, advocacy and resource mobilization, thereby contributing to poverty reduction.

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 26 The operational objectives of UNCCD 1: Advocacy, awareness raising and education 2: Policy framework 3: Science, technology and knowledge 4: Capacity-building 5: Financing and technology transfer

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 27 The Secretariat’s Clusters of activities

SECRETARIAT OF THE CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION SECRETARIAT DE LA CONVENTION SUR LA LUTTE CONTRE LA DESERTIFICATION 28