Emmanuel M. Makasa MD, MPH

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
World Questions Presented by Kings Honorary Fellow Sir Robert Worcester Founder, MORI 3 November 2010.
Advertisements

HIV/AIDS Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa: Observations from Kenya, Rwanda and Zambia S. Muchiri, Wellington Godo, K Chebet,Ministry of Health, Nairobi,
HIV/AIDS in Argentina Vanesa Fridman, MD Infectious Disease Hospital de Clinicas Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1. 2 Why are Result & Impact Indicators Needed? To better understand the positive/negative results of EC aid. The main questions are: 1.What change is.
Why do people in LEDCs have bigger families?
Excellent healthcare – locally delivered How far away are we from 20 million on ART by 2020? Meg Doherty, MD, MPH, PhD Coordinator Treatment and Care WHO.
Washington D.C., USA, July 2012www.aids2012.org Access to HCV treatment for people with HIV/HCV Professor Gregory Dore Viral Hepatitis Clinical Research.
Sustainable Healthcare Eleanor Denny SSC: Holistic Medicine, Dr Craig Brown.
Demographic, Health and Socio-economic Effects of HIV and AIDS.
Victims in the Shadows, Gaza post-crisis reproductive health assessment IAWG annual meeting 2015, Jordan UNFPA- Palestine Ali Shaar, MD. MSc. Osama Abueita,
Can the Concept of Avoidable Deaths Complement WHO Health System Performance? Elena A. Varavikova, MD, PhD, MPH, Researcher, OSD/FSP.
Epidemiological Transition Models Population Control.
AFRICA CAN SOLVE ITS OWN HEALTH PROBLEMS? SARALA NAICKER Division of Nephrology University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa.
World Geography 3200/ Population Growth Start.
Ageing populations LO: Explain dependency and ageing ratios
Strategic Priorities Nicole E. Alexander-Scott, MD, MPH.
Pakistan.
KAZAKHSTAN HEALTH PROFILE
EQUI - TB Knowledge Programme Quality Assured TB Care for Poor People in Resource Constrained settings 2001 – 2006 Purpose: To promote implementation of.
Contagion The global health challenge Y11 to Y12 Geography Induction.
9. Australia’s health system. Elements of Australia’s health system Australia’s health system is effective and efficient when compared to other similar.
HIV/AIDS in the World. History of HIV/AIDS First case reported in 1981 In 2006, HIV/AIDS had been in the world for 25 years.
Ann Marie Nelson, MD AIDS and Infectious Disease Pathology Joint Pathology Center, USA.
By: Kelly Curran; 1 Emmanuel Njeuhmeli; 2 Andrew Mirelman; 3 Kim Dickson; 4 Tigistu Adamu; 1 Peter Cherutich; 5 Thembisile Khumalo Mavuso; 6 Jennifer Albertini;
INTERNATIONAL ISSUES POLITICS OF DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA POLITICS OF DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA.
Bellringer #2: Geography Terms. Birth Rate The # of live births per 1000 individuals within a population. The # of live births per 1000 individuals within.
Key Issue #4: Why Might the World Face an Overpopulation Problem? Thomas Malthus & Overpopulation o Overpopulation – when population exceeds carrying capacity.
Page 1 We help! More every year... Projects in Africa Selection of Lions- Projects MD 111: Mali (Water) Liberia (Ebola) Gambia (Water) Ghana (Water) Togo.
Demographic Transition Model. *The DTM describes a sequence of changes in the relationships between birth and death rates. *The model was produced using.
U.S. HEALTHCARE REALITIES Misaligned incentives: Treatment over wellness; “More is better” Misaligned incentives: Treatment over wellness; “More is better”
Strengthening HR Capacity to Address the HIV Crisis Dr. Mphu Ramatlapeng Minister of Health, Lesotho 2 February 2012 Father Michael Kelly Lecture.
HRD IN RESPOND TO AIDS, TB, MALARIA AND MDGs IN VIETNAM.
Physician Supervision and Mentorship to Improve the Capacity of Clinical Officers to Deliver HIV Care in Kenya Anthony Etyang, MBChB, MMed, 1 Samah Sakr,
HIV/AIDS Epidemic Disproportionately Affects Women.
Issues relating to youthful and ageing populations.
Does HIV serosorting increase syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men in Western Europe? - A mathematical modelling study.
Results Compliance with Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines in the HIV Clinic: A Quality Improvement Tool E. Patrozou M.D., E. Christaki M.D., L. Hicks.
Kow-Tong Chen, M.D., Ph.D., Hsiao-Ling Chang, Ph.D., Chu-Tzu Chen, M.P.H., and Ying-An Chen, M.P.H. Volume 23, Number 3, 2009 AIDS PATIENT CARE and STDs.
Marion County Women’s Health Issues Virginia A. Caine, M.D. Director, Marion County Public Health Department Associate Professor, Indiana University School.
Dr. Muhammad Razzaq Malik. Dr. Muhammad Razzaq Malik Dr. Muhammad Razzaq Malik MBBS, MPH, MCPS (Com Med) MBBS, MPH, MCPS (Com Med) Assistant Professor.
Canadian & World Issues Demographics.
HIV/AIDS Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa: Observations from Kenya, Rwanda and Zambia S. Muchiri, Wellington Godo, K Chebet,Ministry of Health, Nairobi,
Zambia By Madelyn.
Ageing populations LO: Explain dependency and ageing ratios Examine the impacts of ageing populations using relevant case studies.
Health Care Systems in a global perspective Margarita Mondaca A. Karolinska Institut
HEALTH SITUATION IN MONGOLIA
What impact do lots of young people or lots of old people have on a country? CeJuw.
The Gambia Rafik Hanna St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital Center Global Health Division May 16, 2012.
What we know about the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Teachers: a general overview by Alan Whiteside and Peter Badcock- Walters Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research.
Routine HIV screening following the new CDC guidelines Clinical Protocol at GWU ED Jeremy Brown MD Dept of Emergency Medicine
Bell Work 2/19 What solutions did you come up with for solving issues in Africa?
Canadian & World Issues Demographics.
Using implementation science to improve child household contact screening for tuberculosis in Eldoret, Kenya: Overview and lessons learned Daria Szkwarko,
Outline of Current Situation Survey on HIV/AIDS (Proposal) Ms. Keiko Dozono Director for AIDS and Emerging Infectious Disease Control Health and Safety.
Printed by The use of HARRT has significantly decreased the deaths among HIV-infected patients, there has been a shift from AIDs-defining.
Family Medicine Development in Ethiopia Weyinshet Gossa, MD, MPH Michael Fetters, MD, MPH, MA October 2, 2015.
Yahoo Customer Service Phone Number UK
Are Russians healthy people? How does Russia rank in the world?
Report Back: 21st International AIDS Conference (Durban, South Africa)
Hepatitis C Incidence and Prevalence in the U.S.
Kubelekela antomwe: Ag obair le chéile Working together
Copyright © 2015 by the American Osteopathic Association.
BIO 2070Education for Service-- snaptutorial.com.
Dr.farahani MD-Mph Arak health center
Dr Paul T Francis, MD Prof. Com Med College of Medicine, Zawia
مقدمه ای بر مهارت های زندگی
The HIV Epidemic among People who Inject Drugs
Entrepreneurship, Strategy and Information Systems
HIV surveillance in Northern Ireland 2018
Dr. Afnan Younis, MPH, SBCM Assistant Professor, Community Medicine
Presentation transcript:

Emmanuel M. Makasa MD, MPH Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care Emmanuel M. Makasa MD, MPH Zambia Medical Association Lusaka, Zambia emakasa@yahoo.co.uk Given to the Infectious Diseases Division of Brown University School of Medicine at Miriam Hospital, Providence RI, USA 21st May 2009

Describe healthcare system & infrastructure in Zambia. Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care OBJECTIVES: Describe healthcare system & infrastructure in Zambia. Discuss impact of HIV & effect on health sector. Examine interplay of human resource shortages & HIV care in Zambia. Relevance of human resources issue to ID in the USA A man ravaged by AIDS is bathed at a hospice in Zambia (www.Time.com)

Zambia’s location in the world: Country Profile: Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care Zambia’s location in the world: Country Profile: Landmass ≈752,612 Sq Km Population – 12million Declining life expectancy @ birth of 37.5 years. High dependency ratio- 47% pop aged <15yrs. Fairly urbanized – 34.7% in urban areas. Administrative 9 provinces. Weak social economic position (among least developed) Democratic gov. (two 5 yr terms) Source:www.witiger.com

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care Zambia’s Healthcare System: Centralized (Ministry of Health) Three levels of healthcare. Free public healthcare for all. Small private sector. Inadequate funding (<15% of national budget) Zambia’s Healthcare Infrastructure: Inadequate & poor state of essential infrastructure, equipment & transport. Continued shortages & erratic supply of essential drugs & medical supplies. High disease burden with critical shortages of qualified health workers at all levels of health service delivery.

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care

Zambia’s HIV/AIDS statistics & Response: Impact of HIV/AIDS on Zambia Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care Zambia’s HIV/AIDS statistics & Response: 1, 100, 000 people living with HIV (Total Pop. 12 million) 15.2% Adult prevalence rate (15 – 49 yrs) 980,000 Adults living with HIV (15-49yrs) 560, 000 Women living with HIV (>15yrs) 95,000 children living with HIV (0 – 14yrs) 56, 000 Deaths due to AIDS 600,000 Orphans due to Aids (0 – 17yrs) Impact of HIV/AIDS on Zambia General: Retarded national development Disrupted extended family system Lowered life expectancy to 37.5 yrs On Health Sector: Increase disease burden Shortages of health facilities, supplies & staff Morbidity and mortality of health workers from AIDS NOTE: Impact worse in rural areas Source: Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV & AIDS, 2008

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care Progress towards universal access: Source: Ministry of Health, Zambia

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care Source: Ministry of Health, Zambia

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care

Inadequate & poor state of Health infrastructure and medical supplies Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care Impact of HIV/AIDS and Human Resource Shortages on Zambia’s healthcare delivery. HIV/AIDS + Malaria & TB Increased Disease Burden Inadequate & poor state of Health infrastructure and medical supplies Healthcare Delivery in Crisis HRH Weak Retention Death from AIDS Inadequate training Human Resources for Health Shortages

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care The way forward: Make human resources for health a priority in the fight against the HIV/AIDS. Rural areas of Zambia should NOT be ignored as they are affected the most. Although we need help as a country from international partners to build capacity, our future lies in our own hands. Need for more Zambian political will and commitment to overcome the challenges we face.

What does this mean for you: Practice & do research abroad? Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care What does this mean for you: Practice & do research abroad? - Awareness of situation helpful. -Human resource issues should be part of research. How does the Zambian situation affect you & your careers? - While there are opportunities for short term work, long term work is what is needed the most. - The role of teaching and training locals should also be a priority. Without tackling this issue, your work in trying to fight HIV, especially in Africa, is greatly held back . Thus far I have given you an overview of just how important and crucial this human resource shortage is in Zambia, especially as it pertains to the fight against HIV/AIDS, TB etc. However, more importantly ,I’d like to touch on what this crisis means for you. First, understand that this situation is not unique to Zambia. This crisis exists throughout Africa, and extends in various capacities to other developing countries around the world. As such, it affects the work that you are trying to do in fighting HIV. Most of the clinical/research work done by American physicians in Africa is centered around treating and controlling infectious diseases. So, especially for those who are interested in either practicing or doing research in Africa, awareness of this situation is important. The work done by western doctors in Africa to fight infectious disease is directly affected by this crisis. Thus, working to fight the human resource issue should also be a part of any health care work you do in Africa. There are several opportunities for short term work for infectious disease doctors in Africa. However, in order to effectively deal with the disease burden in Zambia, long term commitment is required. In addition to the clinical work western doctors can do in Africa, the role of teaching and training locals (capacity building) should also be a priority. This would ensure that any progress that is made by you in Africa is sustainable. Just to reiterate, as you think about how best to fight infectious disease in Africa, remember the human resource issue. Without tackling this issue, your work in trying to fight HIV and other infectious diseases, especially in Africa, will be greatly held back.

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care Acknowledgements: Division of Infectious Diseases Dr. Flanigan, ID Division Chair Susan M. Tootell & Dalila Zachary All of you for attending

Human Resource Shortages in the Zambian Health Sector & its Impact on HIV/AIDS care References: World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2006 – Working together for health. UNAIDS. Zambia – Country Response. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/en/CountryResponses/Countries/zambia.asp. Accessed May 19 2009. Makasa E. The Human Resources crisis in the Zambian Health Sector – a discussion paper. Med J Zambia 2008;35(3) 81-87. Ministry of Health of Zambia. Joint Annual Review for 2007 Main Report. Available at: http://www.moh.gov.zm/?q=node/publications. Accessed May 19 2009. Ministry of Health of Zambia. National Strategic Plan 2006-2010. Available at: http://www.moh.gov.zm/?q=node/publications. Accessed May 19 2009. Central Statistics Office Zambia. Main Zambia Census Report 2000. Available at: http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/census.php. Accessed May 19 2009.