The making of dual earning model in Finland The Economics of Gender Equality Nordic Experiences Prague Senior Researcher Tapio Bergholm

Women’s employment rate in the EU in 2012, years 2

Female employment rate in EU 2008, years EK työmarkkinat

Proportion of part-time work of total employment 2012

Structural change of employment

Committee to research the position of women  Nominated by left wing government  Political parties and trade unions represented  Birth control/ abortion  Vocational guidance/ education  Public day care for children  Government Advisory Board of Equality Matters (TANE)

Legislation and institutions matter  Ratification of equal pay resolution of ILO (1951) in Finnish Parliament1962  Labour scarcity in early 1970s’ made labour market parties (social partners) to enhance together female employment  Law of public day care 1973  Separate taxation of married couples (wife and husband) from 1976  Gradual extension of day care services and rights  Women work mainly full-time i.e. over 35 hours.

FINLAND IS NOT A PARADISE FOR WORKING WOMEN IN YEAR 2013