Metals in Industry, working with metals. Iron and Steel In previous work we considered the role of the blast furnace in extracting iron from its ore.

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Presentation transcript:

Metals in Industry, working with metals

Iron and Steel In previous work we considered the role of the blast furnace in extracting iron from its ore. The iron contains roughly 5% carbon and different metals and is very ________. In order to reduce these impurities and convert the iron into _________ the molten iron is transferred into another furnace where it is mixed with recycled scrap iron and pure ___________. The oxygen reacts with the metal impurities to form ________ oxides. Calcium carbonate is also added to remove some of the acidic oxides as _______ when the furnace is tilted. Words – slag, brittle, steel, oxygen, acidic

Making steel – the reactions 1) Mixing oxygen with silicon impurities: 2) Decomposition of limestone: 3) Adding these products together: Silicon + oxygen Silicon oxide Calcium carbonate calcium oxide + carbon dioxide Silicon oxide + calcium oxide calcium silicate Steel with a high carbon content is strong but brittle Steel with a low carbon content is easily shaped Steel with chromium and nickel is called stainless steel

Titanium Titanium is a strong metal used in planes, replacement hip joints, bikes etc. Two steps are used in its manufacture: Step 1: Convert titanium dioxide (ore) to titanium chloride Step 2: Displace the titanium using sodium or magnesium: Titanium chloride + sodium titanium + sodium chloride In this reaction the titanium is displaced my a more reactive metal. This reaction is done in an argon atmosphere to avoid any further reactions. Titanium ions have a charge of 4+ and gain four electrons to become titanium atoms. This is a reduction reaction.

Aluminium Aluminium is a fairly reactive metal that doesnt corrode due to forming a thin layer of aluminium oxide. This explains why greenhouses dont rust and dont need to be painted. A thicker layer of aluminium oxide can be made artificially. There are two stages: 1) Remove the natural layer by placing the aluminium in sodium hydroxide. 2) Use electrolysis on sulphuric acid with the aluminium as the positive electrode. This is called anodising H 2 SO 4 Al

Electroplating Solution containing silver ions Silver electrode Object to be plated

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