IPM of tomato and paprika in glass houses and plastic tunnels

DIFFERENT PRODUCTION CONDITIONS Production time Temperatures Humidity Aeration Substrate

PREPLANTING ACTIVITIES Select variety considering, microclimate, cropping and pest history and surrounding crops Take a preplant soil sample for nutrient and salinity analysis and for pest presence Soil preparation: plowing, field leveling, soil sterilization, preparation for irrigation Monitor seedling production

PLANTING ACTIVITIES Before planting inspect young plants for presence of pests (diseases, insects, weeds) Apply fertilizers and root shields at planting Check surrounding area for pest presence

GRAY MOLD CULTURAL MESURES Remove infected plants Better aeration Controlled temperatures

GRAY MOLD NATURAL ENEMIES PESTICIDES Trichoderma harsianum T. viride Pirimethanil Prosimidon Fludioksinil

BACTERIAL CANKER

BACTERIAL CANKER CULTURAL MESURES PESTICIDES Use of healthy seeds Remove infected plants Better aeration Controlled temperatures Clean equipment to reduce transfer Destruction of crop residues PESTICIDES Copper fungicides

WHITEFLIES CULTURAL MESURES Clean planting material Yellow sticky trap

WHITEFLIES NATURAL ENEMIES PESTICIDES Encarsia formosa Eretmocerus eremicus E. mundus Macrolophus caliginosus Delphastus catalinae Amblyseius swirskii Verticillium lecanii PESTICIDES Alpha-cipermetrin Beta-ciflutrin Bifentrin Buprofezin Oksamil Triazamat Pymetrozin Imidacloprid Spinosad

APHIDS CULTURAL MESURES Clean planting material Yellow sticky trap

APHIDS NATURAL ENEMIES PESTICIDES Aphidoletes aphidimyza Adalia bipunctata Chrisoperla carnea Episyrphus balteatus Aphidius colemani A. ervi Aphelinus abdominalis Verticilium lecanii PESTICIDES Alfa-cipermetrin Acetamiprid Dimethoate Metomil Oksamil Thiacloprid Pymetrozin Chlorpirifos Imidacloprid

BEET ARMYWORM CULTURAL MESURES Pheromone traps Light traps Scouting for eggs

BEET ARMYWORM NATURAL ENEMIES PESTICIDES Trichogramma brassicae Eulophus sp. Cotesia plutellae Macrolophu caliginosus Nesidiocoris tenuis Bacillus thurigiensis PESTICIDES Alfa-cipermetrin Lambda-cihalotrin Novaluron Diflubenzuron Methomil Lufenuron

TOMATO FRUITWORM CULTURAL MESURES Pheromone traps Light traps Scouting for eggs

TOMATO FRUITWORM NATURAL ENEMIES PESTICIDES Trichogramma brassicae Eulophus sp. Cotesia plutellae Macrolophu caliginosus Nesidiocoris tenuis Bacillus thurigiensis PESTICIDES Alfa-cipermetrin Lambda-cihalotrin Novaluron Diflubenzuron Methomil Lufenuron

LEAF MINERS CULTURAL MESURES Clean planting material Yellow sticky trap

LEAF MINERS NATURAL ENEMIES PESTICIDES Dacnusa sibirica Diglyphus isaea Opius pallipes Macrolophus caliginosus PESTICIDES Alpha-cipermetrin Beta-ciflutrin Bifentrin Ciromazin Oksamil Triazamat Pymetrozin Imidacloprid Spinosad

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS CULTURAL MESURES Clean planting material Yellow sticky trap

WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS NATURAL ENEMIES PESTICIDES Orius laevigatus O. majusculus Macrolophus caliginosus Amblyseius cucumeris A. degeneratus Verticilium lecanii PESTICIDES Alpha-cipermetrin Beta-ciflutrin Bifentrin Triazamat Abamectin Imidacloprid Spinosad