Hydro-Québec's Contribution Serge Roy Electricity in Transportation Canadian Utility Fleet Forum May 25, 2009

Groupe – Technologie 2 Quick Facts >3.8 million Customers >189 billion kWh Generated >97% Hydro >6% of the World's Total Renewable Energy >Winter Peak : 37,220 MW >4,000 MW of Wind Power under Contract for Coming Years Our Choice is Clear : Clean and Green

Groupe – Technologie 3 Electric Drive Options Electric Propulsion Electric Regen Braking Typical Value Compact Car Micro Hybrid (Stop & Start) Light Hybrid (Electric Assist) Full HybridPlug-In Hybrid Battery EV (with or without Range Extender) Voltage12V – 42V120V250V – 500V Power (Peak)< 10 kW~ 10 kW~ 50 kW > 100 kW Battery capacity << 1 kWh< 1 kWh~ 2 kWh~ 5 kWh10 to 25 kWh ICE size 100 % vs conventional 80% vs conventional 60 % vs conventional genset 1,0 – 1,5 L Premium~ 300 $~ $~ $~ $~ $ All Electric Range 00< 2 km30 to 50 km50 to 200 km CommercialIn Development

Groupe – Technologie 4 Plug-in EV (PEV) Advantages Annual distance travelled / vehicle18,000 km Annual energy cost / vehicle Electric vehicle (2 253 kWh/yr) Gasoline vehicle (1 420 litres/yr) Ratio 186 $ $ 10 times less expensive All electric vehicles Hypothesis: 25% of Quebec's LDV 1 million Annual Energy consumption Electric vehicle Gasoline vehicle 2.3 billion kWh 1.4 billion litres GHG Reduction (CO 2 ) 3.4 millions tons / yr

Groupe – Technologie 5 Commercialization PHEV ou EREV EV Production Demo Saturn VUE 2-Mode Blended Intro: 2011 CY Chevrolet Volt Extended Range EV 40-mile EV range 16kWh Li-Ion Intro: 2010 CY Ford Escape PHEV 2008 CY, 21 car fleet with SCE/EPRI/Utilities VW Golf TwinDrive 30 mile EV range 20-car fleet, 2009 Nissan 2010 CY Daimler Smart ForTwo 2010 CY Mitsubishi iMIEV 2010 CY, 100 mile range, PG&E, SCE demo Dodge ZEO mile range Subaru R1e 50 Mile AER 10-car fleet 2008 CY Ford/Eaton Trouble Truck 10 truck fleet w/ utilities Toyota Prius PHEV 500-car fleet 2009 CY

Groupe – Technologie 6 25% penetration on a critical winter peak day…

Groupe – Technologie 7 EPRI – PHEV Distribution Impact Study 15 utilities participate to this EPRI led collaborative project including:

Groupe – Technologie 8 Grid of the future PEVs are one of the key elements in the distribution network's evolution. As market adoption grows, it will be a vector for change as we move towards a smart grid.

Groupe – Technologie 9 Collaboration GM / EPRI GM and 40 electric utilities are working together on six workstreams 1. Market Analysis 2. Public Education 3. 1st generation technical features 4. Seamless Customer experience 5. Macro Value Analysis 6. Public policy Market Analysis Public Education Seamless customer experience 1st generation technical features Macro value analysis Public policy The blue boxes represent the starting point for each workgroup Customer and product Business and Policy

Groupe – Technologie 10 Electric Drive Developed by TM4 (Hydro-Québec subsidiary), the electric-motor powertrain, combined with highly integrated power electronics, offers: High-performance, Compact fits easily into any vehicle, with simple mechanical interfaces (no gearbox) Mo3

Groupe – Technologie 11 TM4 partnering with Tata Motors for their EV Demo in Norway

Groupe – Technologie 12 PEV: Key Technical Challenge >Mainly the batteries : Reducing costs, Increasing specific energy, Increasing safety, reliability and durability.

Groupe – Technologie 13 Lithium-Ion Battery Hydro-Québec's Solutions LiFePO 4 Ionic Liquids Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 LiCoO 2 Carbon LiFePO 4 Ionic Liquids Natural Graphite Today's Technologies HQ Technologies Cathode Electrolyte Anode Liquid Electrolyte

Groupe – Technologie 14 M.GO Electric

Groupe – Technologie 15 Hydro-Québec's Fleet

Groupe – Technologie 16 Cleanova Demonstration CLEANOVA CLEANOVA PLUS PM Motor52 kW (peak) Li-Ion Battery25 kWh Max Speed130 km/h Range (EUC)210 km Charger230 V – 16 A PM Generator15 kW (cont) ICE – 2 cyl.600 cc Max Torque210 Nm Range (EUC)530 km RExt Charging2 hrs – 80%

Groupe – Technologie 17 Participants

Groupe – Technologie 18 Hydro-Québec's Contribution 1.Sustainable energy supply 2.Electric drive (TM4) 3.Lithium-ion battery strategic materials (IP Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Québec) 4.Electric grid – Plug-in vehicle interactions evaluation and demonstration, with EPRI, GM and other utilities T. Vandal – October 7, 2008

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